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Patho Final Exam - Test Bank
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Patho Final Exam - Test BankA client has a growth removed from the body. Which histologic finding indicates that the growth is
classified as benign?
1. Apoptosis
2. Differentiation
3. Oxidative phosphorylation
4. Atherosclerosis - ANS 3. Differentiation - Differentiation is the process whereby newly growing cells
acquire the specialized structure and function of the cells that are replaced. This
finding is indicative of a benign growth.
A client is diagnosed with failure of the thyroid gland due to increase in apoptotic cell death. Which
terminology does the nurse expect to be applied to the client's condition?
1. Xanthomas
2. Hashimoto
3. Peptic ulcer
4. Anthracosis - ANS Hasimoto's
A client has a medical history of prolonged ischemia attacks. Which term would the nurse use in
reference to the manifestation of the client's condition?
1. Gangrene
2. Infarction
3. Necrosis
4. Apoptosis - ANS Infarction
,A client comes in with persistently uncontrolled hypertension. The nurse informs the client's spouse
that one of the consequences of prolonged raised blood pressure is a weakened area in the wall of the
cerebral artery, located on the circle of Willis. Which condition fits the nurse's description?
1. Xanthelasma
2. Infarction
3. Berry aneurysm
4. Ischemia - ANS Berry Aneurysm
During an endoscopic examination on a client, it is found that the client has acid reflux. Which
condition associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) warrants close monitoring and
aggressive treatment?
1. Peptic ulcer disease
2. Malabsorption syndrome
3. Barrett's esophagus
4. Hiatal hernia - ANS Barrett's Esophagus
The nurse is providing care for a client who recently had a skin lesion surgically removed. Which
information in the histology report indicates the lesion is malignant?
1. Examined cells are poorly differentiated.
2. Cells present with orderly architecture.
3. Edges of the specimen are unaffected.
4. Specimen contains well-differentiated cells. - ANS Examinated cells are poorly differentiated
A genetically programmed cell death is a process that can destroy cells that are no longer needed.
Which term applies to this biological process?
,1. Atrophy
2. Apoptosis
3. Hypertrophy
4. Neoplasia - ANS Apoptosis
A client reports an itchy, bumpy scar around an old wound that is identified as a keloid. Which term
best describes this condition?
1. Neoplasia
2. Hyperplasia
3. Dysplasia
4. Metaplasia - ANS Hyperplasia
A client is being treated for atherosclerosis. Which options are directly detrimental to the client's
condition? Select all that apply.
1. Depletion of endothelial nitric oxide
2. Helicobacter pylori infection
3. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) deposition
4. Inflammatory changes of the endothelium
5. Acid reflux - ANS 1. Depletion of endothelial nitric oxide
3. LDL deposition
4. Inflammatory changes of the endothelium
The nurse works in a community clinic and assists a variety of clients. According to McEwen's
stress response theory, which client does the nurse identify as being at greatest risk for allostatic
load?
, 1. An older adult client whose spouse has severe dementia and has been cared for in
the home for several years. Recently the client has been diagnosed and treated for
hypertension and cardiac rhythm disturbances.
2. A client who is a college student taking a full-time load of engineering classes. The
client reports bouts of gastrointestinal (GI) upset prior to scheduled course
examinations. The client also shares recently moving into a quieter dorm setting.
3. A young adult client who recently accepted a position with a new company. The
client expresses concern about sleep disturbances. A new exercise regimen was
started 2 weeks ago, but the client is seeking a short-term sleep aid.
4. An older female client who is r - ANS 1. An older adult client whose spouse has severe dementia and
has been cared for in
the home for several years. Recently the client has been diagnosed and treated for
hypertension and cardiac rhythm disturbances.
A bedridden client has frequent gastrointestinal reflux. For which condition does the nurse assess?
1. Aspiration pneumonia
2. Peptic ulcer disease
3. Malabsorption
4. Constipation - ANS 1. Aspiration pneumonia
Which statement is correct regarding the effects of exercise?
1. Enlarges the muscle fibers
2. Decreases the rate of breathing
3. Increases the risk of colon cancer
4. Decreases the number of mitochondrial enzymes - ANS 1. enlarges the muscle fibers
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