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Cardiopulmonary and Lymphatic Review for NPTE
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Cardiopulmonary and Lymphatic Review for NPTE Cardiopulmonary and Lymphatic Review for NPTE Cardiopulmonary and Lymphatic Review for NPTE
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Cardiopulmonary and Lymphatic Reviewfor NPTE
The abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen. Many causes including: cirrhosis of the liver, cancer
within the abdomen, congestive heart failure, and tuberculosis. - ascites
Journey of blood throughout the body:
*Deoxygenated* blood from the superior and inferior __________ --> ________ --> flows through the
TRICUSPID valve --> ________ --> pumped through the PULMONARY valve --> travels to the LUNGS via
the ____________ --> becomes *oxygenated* --> travels back to the HEART via the __________ -->
______ --> flows through the MITRAL/BICUSPID valve --> ________ --> pumped through the AORTIC
valve --> Aorta --> systemic circulation - vena cava, RA, RV, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, LA, LV
_______________: take oxygenated blood from areas of high to low pressure, circulation is maintained
by heart pump, flow is influenced by the elasticity and extensibility of vessel walls and by peripheral
resistance, amount of blood in the body - arteries
______________: Dark, deoxygenated blood from the tissues taken to the heart, larger capacity, thinner
walls, ONE WAY VALVES to prevent backflow, circulation influenced by muscle contraction, gravity,
respiration, and compliancy of right side of heart - veins
Electrical Conduction of the heart:
_______ node (*main pacemaker of the heart*) --> Right/Left ________ (contract together) --> _______
node stimulated --> impulse sent to ___________ --> impulse spreads to __________ fibers --> impulse
spreads through Right/Left ________ (contract together) - SA (sinoatrial; 60-100 bpm), atria, AV
(atrioventricular), Bundle of His, Purkinje, ventricals
Normal HR (in beats per min, bpm):
,- Adults:
- School aged children: - 60-100, 60-140
The _______ artery is the most commonly assessed for pulses in adults, while the ________ artery is the
most appropriate to assess pulse in infants - radial, brachial
Normal BP (in mmHg):
- Adults:
- School aged children (6-9 y/o): - (Adults) < 120/80, (children) 97-115/57-76
Normal RR (in breaths/min)
- Adults:
- Children: - 12-20, 20-30
Hypertensive crisis in adults is present if SBP is > ________ mmHg and/or DBP is > ___________ mmHg
Orthostatic hypotension is present if SBP drops > _______ mmHg and/or DBP drops > _________ mmHg
- 180, 120, 20, 10
Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) -
Normal: _________
Significant arterial disease/ischemia: < ________
,Arterial Calcification: > ____________ - 1.0-1.40, 0.5, 1.40
_________________ = rattling, popping, high pitched, bubbling sounds (could be due to air bubbles in
secretions or movement of fibrotic tissue), non-musical, more common during inspiration
- Associated conditions: atelectasis, fibrosis, pulmonary edema - Crackles (rales)
(basilar rates often accompany left ventricular CHF)
____________ = high or low pitched musical whistling, continuous, usually during beginning of
expiration; caused by an airway obstruction
- Associated Conditions: asthma, COPD, foreign body aspiration - Wheezes
___________ = continuous low-pitched, sonorous breath sounds that are most prominent during
expiration
- could be result of air passing through the airways narrowed by inflammation, bronchospasm, or
secretions
- Associated Conditions: asthma and chronic bronchitis - Rhonchi
_________ = strained, high-pitched sound, heard during inspiration, usually due to upper airway
(pharynx or larynx) obstruction - stridor
____________: loud grating/scratchy sound, related to the lower lung, heard during inspiration AND
expiration; may be accompanied by pain during inspiration
, - Associated Conditions: inflammation or neoplastic processes - pleural/friction rub (made when the two
layers of the pleura rub together during respiration)
Match the following terms with their correct descriptions on an ECG:
A. P wave
B. PR interval
C. QRS wave
D. T wave
-____: time required for impulse to travel from atria through conduction system to purkinje fibers;
ventricular filling
-____: ventricular repolarization
-____: atrial depolarization
-____: ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization - b, d, a, c
Classifications of AV heart blocks:
____ degree: fully blocked conduction
____ degree: partially blocked conduction
____ degree: delay in conduction - 3,
2 (2nd degree has type 1 and type 2),
1
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