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PSY212 Exam 1 2024/2025
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PSY212 Exam 1 2024/2025 PSY212 Exam 1 2024/2025 PSY212 Exam 1 2024/2025
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PSY212 Exam 1Subfields of psychology: Psychology's family tree developmental psychology
personality psychology
health psychology
clinical psychology
counseling psychology
educational psychology
cross-cultural psychology
evolutionary psychology
social psychology
Developmental psychology Studies change and growth over lifespan
At what age do children generally begin to acquire an emotional attachment to their fathers?
Personality psychology The consistency in people's behavior across their lives, as well as the traits that
differentiate one person from another.
Luis is unique in his manner of responding to crisis situations, with an even temperament and a positive
outlook.
Health psychology Explores the relationship between psychological factors and physical ailments or
disease
Janetta's job is demanding and stressful. She wonders if her lifestyle is making her more prone to certain
illnesses, such as cancer and heart disease.
,Clinical psychology Deals with the study, diagnosis, and treatment of psychological disorders
A strong fear of crowds leads a young man to seek treatment for his problem.
Counseling psychology Focuses primarily on educational, social, and career adjustment problems
Joan, a college freshman, is worried about her grades. She needs to learn better organizational skills and
study habits to cope with the demands of college.
Educational psychology What teaching methods most effectively motivate elementary school students
to successfully accomplish academic tasks?
School psychology The teachers of 8-year-old Jack are concerned that he has recently begun to
withdraw socially and to show little interest in schoolwork.
cross-cultural psychology exams how culture affects behavior
evolutionary psychology considers how behavior is influenced by our genetic inheritance from our
ancestors.
Roots/origins of psychology Wilhelm Wundt laid the foundation of psychology in 1879, when he opened
his laboratory in Germany.
Early perspectives that guided the work of psychologists were structuralism (led by Wilhelm Wundt),
functionalism (led by William James), and Gestalt theory.
17th century British philosopher John Locke
Believed children were born with minds like "blank slates" (tabula rasa in Latin)
, Psychology as a scientific discipline came from Wilhelm Wundt (Germany) in the late 19th century
Structuralism Wundt's approach, which focuses on understanding the fundamental mental components
of consciousness, thinking, and other kinds of mental states and activities.
Wundt described psychology as the study of conscious experience
Focused on uncovering fundamental mental components of consciousness, thinking, and other kinds of
mental states and activities
Used introspection - presented with an image and asked to describe in detail
Functionalism An early approach to psychology that concentrated on what the mind does—the
functions of mental activity—and the role of behavior in allowing people to adapt to their environments
Approach that replaced structuralism
Rather than focusing on the mind's structure, it focused on what the mind does and how behavior
functions
Movement led by American psychologist William James, early 1900s
Looked at how people satisfy needs through behavior
Theorist who contributed to the origins of psychology Wilhelm Wundt
Five Major Perspectives Neuroscience
behavioral
psychodynamic
cognitive
humanistic
Neuroscience Perspective Focuses on the biological components of the behavior of people and animals.
Views behavior from the perspective of the brain, the nervous system, and other biological functions
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