The polyuria associated with diabetic nephropathy is caused by - ANS
✓Increased protein excretion.
Of the following people, who is at highest risk for a cerebrovascular
accident (CVA)? - ANS ✓Black women older than 70 years of age
Atrial fibrillation, rheumatic heart disease, and valvular prosthetics are
risk factors for which type of stroke? - ANS ✓Embolic
Conditions that adversely influence progression and extent of ischemic
injury include all of the following except:
Hypercoaguable state
Systemic hypertension
Rapid development of ischemic event
Subnormal body temperature - ANS ✓Subnormal body temperature
The true statement in regards to ischemic penumbra (IP) is
a. IP is an area of massive neuronal death that results from a global
reduction in cerebral
blood flow (CBF)
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b. CBF in the IP is usually above the 50% of the norm
c. Auto regulatory mechanisms are preserved in the IP
d. IP is a potentially salvageable area of marginal blood flow that surrounds
a core ofischemic brain tissue - ANS ✓IP is a potentially salvageable area of
marginal blood flow that surrounds a core of ischemic brain tissue
MS is an __________ disorder diffusely involving degeneration of _____ myelin
and loss of axons. MS is described as occurring when a previous ______ insult
to the nervous system has occurred in a genetically susceptible individual
with a subsequent abnormal immune response in the CNS. - ANS
✓autoimmune, CNS, viral
Acetylcholineesterase (AChE) inhibitors are an effective treatment for
myasthenia gravis because they contribute to a decreased concentration of
acetylcholine in the neuromuscular junction.
True or False? - ANS ✓False. They contribute to an increased concentration of
acetylcholine in the neuromuscular junction.
What grade of myasthenia gravis?
Ocular disease - ANS ✓Grade I
What grade of myasthenia gravis?
Generalized weakness - ANS ✓Grade II
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, 3
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What grade of myasthenia gravis?
Mild weakness - ANS ✓Grade IIa
What grade of myasthenia gravis?
Moderate weakness - ANS ✓Grade IIb
What grade of myasthenia gravis?
Severe generalized weakness - ANS ✓Grade III
What grade of myasthenia gravis?
Myasthenic crisis and respiratory failure - ANS ✓Grade VI
A sudden, non-convulsive focal neurologic deficit.
An abnormal condition of the brain characterized by occlusion by an
embolus, thrombus, or cerebrovascular hemorrhage or vasospasm,
resulting in ischemia of the brain tissues normally perfused by the
damaged vessels. - ANS ✓Cerebrovascular Accident
Think atherosclerosis and cardioembolic risks; hypercoagulability, and
migraine - ANS ✓Ischemia
Think hypertension, bleeding disorders and vascular malformations - ANS
✓Intracerebral hemorrhage
Think aneurysms - ANS ✓Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Most important modifiable risk factor for stroke. - ANS ✓Hypertension
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Cessation returns individual to the risk level of the rest of the population
after five years. - ANS ✓Smoking
Age >67, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hyperhomocystinemia, elevated C-
reactive protein, male gender or a female after menopause, family history,
African-American race, and recent myocardial infarction. - ANS ✓CVA risks
Polycythemia, sickle cell disease, oral contraceptives, hormone
replacement therapy, pregnancy, and inherited thrombotic disorders - ANS
✓Hypercoagulability risks
Atrial fibrillation
Left ventricular aneurysm
Left atrial thrombus
Recent MI
Rheumatic valvular disease, mechanical prosthetic valve,
Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis, bacterial endocarditis,
Patent foramen ovale - ANS ✓Cardiac CVA risks
Arterial occlusions caused by thrombi formed in arteries supplying the
brain or in intracranial vessels - ANS ✓Thrombotic stroke
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