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Bio 253 final Exam 195 Questions With Complete Solutions. Organelles are - - Organs of the Urinary system - -kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra draw and label a kidney with the following terms: Cortex, Medulla, Pelvis, renal artery, renal vein, ureter, nephron - - functional unit of t...

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Bio 253 final Exam 195 Questions With Complete
Solutions.
Organelles are - -

Organs of the Urinary system - -kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

draw and label a kidney with the following terms: Cortex, Medulla, Pelvis, renal artery, renal
vein, ureter, nephron - -

functional unit of the kidney - -nephron

1 million per kidney!

What parts make up the nephron? - -Renal corpuscle

Renal tubule

Glomerulus (capillaries that filter the blood plasma)

Bowman's capsule (surrounds the glomerulus)

Efferent arteriole

loop of henle

What is the glomerulus made of? - -capillaries

Function of a nephron - -filter blood and produce urine

Two nephron types - -juxtamedullary and cortical

juxtamedullary nephrons - --Long nephron loops deeply invade medulla

-Ascending limbs have thick and thin segments

-Important in production of concentrated urine

-found at the boundary of the cortex and medulla

cortical nephrons - --85% of all nephrons

-short nephron loops

, Bio 253 final Exam 195 Questions With Complete
Solutions.
-efferent arterioles branch into peritubular capillaries around PCT and DCT

How is urine made in the kidney? - -1.)Reabsorption - moving substances with tubule
into the blood.

2.)filtration - occurs in the glomerulus or renal corpuscle

3.)secretion

4.)filtration

driving force for filtration - -hydrostatic pressure or BP

What fluid comes out of the glomerulus? - -filtrate

What is filtrate? - -mostly water, electrolytes, nutrients, and waste products. Glucose
is normal in filtrate.

-similar to blood plasma

Reabsorption in the Nephron Loop - -Only water is absorbed in the descending limb.
Na+ chloride is absorbed in the ascending limb (no water).

Status of water coming out of nephron loop? - -@ Lowest concentration (diluted)

Process taking place in nephron loop? - -Countercurrent mechanism (dilutes the
urine). Can also create concentrated urine from the Na+ absorbed in the ascending limb.

tubular secretion - --selectively moves substances from blood to filtrate in renal
tubules and collecting ducts

-From blood to tubular

-Usually in the distal tubule

-K+, H+, Uric acid, Penicillin are secreted

Hormones that regulate kidney function - -directly :

, Bio 253 final Exam 195 Questions With Complete
Solutions.
ADH

Aldosterone

ANH

indirectly :

Renin (created by kidney)

Angiotensin

Aldosterone function - --decreases sodium and water loss in urine by returning
sodium and water to the blood

Aldosterone: Target Cells - -kidneys

ANH function - -Tells kidneys that blood volume is too high, so dumps out H20 and
Na+

Effects of ADH - -increases reabsorption of water from urine back into plasma and
therefore, decreases the volume of water that is excreted

-secreted by posterior pituitary gland

-when a person is dehydrated, hypothalamus makes them thirsty and retains more water
because of the ADH

flow of urine through kidney - -Glomerulus

Bowmans Capsule

Proximal convoluted tubule

Loop of Henle

Distal convoluted tubule

Collecting duct

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