BSC 108 Exam 3 Kennedy Questions and Answers Solved
100% Correct!!
The structure of a strand of DNA. - -it is a double helix, like a twisted ladder.
the ladder rings are nucleotide subunits and they have a covalent bond to the sugar
phosphate backbone (made of deoxyribose and a phosphate group)...
BSC 108 Exam 3 Kennedy Questions and Answers Solved
100% Correct!!
The structure of a strand of DNA. - -it is a double helix, like a twisted ladder.
the ladder rings are nucleotide subunits and they have a covalent bond to the sugar
phosphate backbone (made of deoxyribose and a phosphate group)
What are the nucleotide subunits? - -adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine
How are the subunits held together? - -through a hydrogen bond
What are the nucleotide subunits compliments? - -Adenine and thymine
cytosine and guanine
How does DNA replicate? - -the parent strand breaks off into two and then enzymes
(DNA polymerases) attach the complimentary nucleotide to each side, creating two
separate daughter strands
What is the location site of where DNA replication begins on the double helix called? -
-the origins of replication
What is created when replication proceeds in both directions? - -replication bubbles,
they are created because at the origin the replication process proceeds in other directions,
creating a bubble.
What is the replication forks? - -It is the location where the parent cells is separating
and the complimentary nucleotide is being added creating the two new strands
How does DNA determine specific traits (phenotypes)? - -Phenotypes arise from the
actions of a wide variety of proteins. To get these proteins this is what happens. DNA
transfers genetic information through transcription to RNA. Then through translation
genetic info is transferred from RNA into a polypeptide (protein strand)
What is the structure of RNA? - -It is a single-stranded nucleic acid.
it is the same as DNA except it uses ribose instead of deoxyribose in the sugar phosphate
backbone and it uses uracil instead of thymine
, BSC 108 Exam 3 Kennedy Questions and Answers Solved
100% Correct!!
tRNA - -transfer RNA: translation of the genetic message carried in the mRNA into
the amino acid language of proteins (converts the three-letter words, codons, of nucleic
acids to the amino acid words of proteins)
What is the function of mRNA? - -Messenger molecules carry the coding sequences
for protein synthesis and are called transcripts.
rRNA - -ribsosomal RNA
makes up ribosomes which are the organelles in the cytoplasm that coordinate the
functioning of mRNA and tRNA and actually make polypeptides
What two processes do genes code for specific proteins? - -transcription and
translation
What is transcription and where does it take place? - -Transcription is the synthesis
of mRNA under the direction of DNA, nucleus
What is translation and where does it take place? - -It is the synthesis of a
polypeptide (later becomes a protein) under the direction of mRNA
occurs on ribosomes in the cytoplasm
What is the structure of tRNA? - -It is made of a single strand of RNA. consisting of
about 80 nucleotides. Chain twists and folds upon itself, forming several double-stranded
regions in which short stretches of RNA base-pair with other stretches. one end has a
special triplet of bases called anticodons. it is complementary to a codon triplet on mRNA.
on the other side there is an amino acid attachment site.
What is a mutation? - -It is a change in the genetic material (the nucleotide
sequence) of a cell's DNA.
What is a point mutation? - -It is a change in once base pair of a gene.
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