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Final Exam - NUR 325 WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS -
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11/8/24, 2:32 PMFinal Exam - NUR 325
WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS
Terms in this set (95)
the process by which oxygen is transported to cells and carbon dioxide is
gas exchange
transported out of cells
-condition that causes changes or collapses the alveoli
COPD -airflow limitation that is not fully reversible by the loss of elastic recoil and airflow
obstruction due to hyper secretion of mucus, bronchospasm, and mucosal edema
-ineffective ventilation
impairment of gas exchange occurs
-reduced capacity for gas transportation
because
-inadequate perfusion
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, 11/8/24, 2:32 PM
-starts with getting air into the lungs, availability of hemoglobin for oxygen, and
Ventilation, transport and perfusion movement of the blood
-its a well oiled machine, if you have one thing wrong, they all shut down.
Consequences of impaired gas exchange: fatigue, increase in HR and RR
Mild impairment
Consequences of impaired gas exchange: respiratory acidosis
more severe
consequence of impaired gas exchange: cellular ischemia and necrosis death
prolonged
-Arterial: having a hard time getting the blood to where you want it (see
necrotic/black)
PAD vs PVD
-Venous: cant get the blood back to the heart
(see edema)
population risk factors for impaired gas they have fetal hemoglobin, their RBC dies quicker and they do not have the ability
exchange: Infants to transfer oxygen on the hemoglobin (anemia at 3 months)
population risk factors for impaired gas less alveoli surface where the gas exchange can occur, narrowing at the branching
exchange: children of the peripheral airways (choke)
-physiological changes when we age
population risk factors for impaired gas
-chronic illness, stiffening of the chest, loss of chest muscles, loss of recoil and
exchange: older adults
elasticity
-compression devices (venous return)
Nursing interventions done to increase -mobility of pt
perfusion -cessation of smoking
-diet (heart healthy diet; less cholesterol)
-age (older adults it is harder to breathe)
-smoking (vasoconstriction of vessels)
Individual risk factors for impaired gas -presence of COPD, HF, Cystic fibrosis
exchange -immunosuppression
-reduced state of cognition/brain injury (increased risk for aspiration)
-prolonged immobility (DVT)
-nasal cannula
-simple face mask (short term)
Oxygen delivery devices -partial/non-rebreather mask (short term)
-venturi mask (precise high flow)
-high flow nasal cannula
-discoloration of skin (pale/dark)
-clubbing
-edema
Signs and Symptoms of impaired perfusion
-persistent ulcers
-poor wound healing
-low energy level
-history (family, current meds, lifestyle behaviors, occupation, social environment)
when an individual has compromised gas -examination (low O2, high RR, increased HR, more prone to high BP)
exchange -inspection (breathing effort, color, thorax 2:1?, extremities)
-auscultation: ronchi, crackles, heartbeat sounds far away
Impaired gas exchange examination -venous distention, restlessness, pallor, poor skin turgor, easy bruising, peripheral
findings edema, use of accessory muscles, edema
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