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WGU D311 Microbiology 2024 study for OA Exam/192 Questions and Answers
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WGU D311 Microbiology 2024 study for OA Exam/192 Questions and Answers
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WGU D311 Microbiology 2024 study for OAExam/192 Questions and Answers
What is a characteristic of rhizospheres? - -The rhizosphere is where plants
release organic compounds that can be metabolized by microbes into soil.
- Which environment would contain microbes that are psychrophilic? - -
Glaciers
- What is the role of nematodes in soil? - -They photosynthesize and fix
nitrogen.
- Which eukaryote is responsible for producing antibiotics to ward off
bacterial competitors? - -Fungi
- Which symbiotic relationship is an example of mutualism? - -The
relationship between humans and the Escherichia coli colonizing the human
gut
- Which type of symbiotic relationship exists between the Escherichia coli (E.
coli) that inhabit the human gut and the humans who utilize the vitamin K
produced by E. coli? - -Mutualism
- Which description of resident microbiota is true? - -Resident microbiota
constantly live on the human body.
- Which relationship is exhibited by intestinal Escherichia coli and their
human host? - -Mutualism
- Which type of disease is transmitted from animals to humans? - -Zoonotic
diseases
- Which type of disease is acquired in hospital settings? - -Nosocomial
diseases
- Which portal of exit can expel the most viral particles? - -Respiratory
- Which type of disease is sickle cell anemia? - -Noninfectious
- Which type of transmission occurs when tuberculosis is spread through
small particles expelled by a cough? - -Droplet transmission
- Which type of transmission occurs when pathogens are spread from
mother to child during breastfeeding? - -Vertical direct contact transmission
, - Which type of transmission occurs when an arthropod carries a viral
pathogen inside of its body? - -Biological vector transmission
- Which type of transmission occurs through contact with a fomite? - -
Indirect contact transmission
- Which infected host would be considered a passive carrier? - -A healthcare
professional who does not wash their hands after seeing an infected patient
- How is Giardia lamblia, the causative agent of giardiasis, transmitted? - -
Contaminated food or water
- Which organism is the definitive host of Toxoplasma gondii? - -Birds
- Which disease is transmitted by animals but not arthropods? - -Rabies
- How can adhesins be described? - -Adhesins found on the surface of
pathogens bind to receptors of host cells.
- Which description indicates a portal of entry? - -Body features through
which pathogens can enter host tissue
- Pathogens produce proteins to prevent the fusion of the phagosome and
the lysosome (phagolysosome).Why does this virulence factor facilitate
invasion? - -It prevents the exposure of pathogens to lethal digestive
enzymes.
- Which action refers to a secondary infection? - -An infection by one
pathogen enables another pathogen to cause an infection.
- What differentiates signs from symptoms of disease? - -Signs are
measurable; symptoms are subjective.
- Which procedure does a clinician use to measure a symptom? - -Asking
patients to rate pain on a numerical scale
- During which stage of an infection does a patient feel the worst? - -The
period of illness stage
- What defines the end of the incubation period for an infectious disease? - -
The appearance of nonspecific signs or symptoms of disease
- How does the epidermis help prevent infection and disease? - -It provides
a harsh environment for most pathogens and periodically sheds
, - How does the complement system contribute to the innate immune
response? - -It is composed of proteins that can be activated by the
presence of pathogens to form the membrane attack complex (MAC).
- Why are antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) considered an innate immune
function? - -AMPs are produced both routinely and as a response to
pathogens.
- Which terms refer to monocytes when they differentiate into tissue-specific
phagocytes? - -Macrophages and dendritic cells
- What is specifically being reported if the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention reports 10,000 new cases of COVID-19? - -Incidence
- What is the difference between prevalence and incidence? - -Prevalence
refers to the total number of infections; incidence refers only to new cases.
- Which term refers to a disease that occurs on a worldwide scale at a given
time? - -Pandemic
- Why are etiologic agents significant to epidemiologists? - -Etiologic agents
are the pathogens that cause disease.
- Which kind of diseases must be reported to the Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention in order to prevent future pandemics? - -Notifiable diseases
- How does the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) obtain the
latest data on typical illnesses to publish in the Morbidity and Mortality
Weekly Report (MMWR)? - -Through mandatory reporting of notifiable
disease cases by healthcare providers
- What can cause an infectious disease to become a reemerging disease? - -
The responsible pathogen becomes drug resistant.
- What does the World Health Organization (WHO) do to prevent future
pandemics? - -The WHO maintains a global alert and response system from
data from multiple countries.
- A patient taking the antibiotic cephalexin for a urinary tract infection
developed severe diarrhea two days after completing the five-day course of
treatment.
What is an explanation for the development of this patient's diarrhea? - -
Cephalexin disrupted the normal intestinal microbiome.
- Store-bought, packaged soil used to promote rapid plant growth was
accidentally irradiated, thus killing the bacteria that had been in the soil.
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