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WGU D311 Micro Section 1 Exam Questions & Answers
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WGU D311 Micro Section 1 ExamQuestions & Answers
What are characteristics of Prokaryotic Cells "Bacteria" - -Single celled, do
not have nucleus, mitochondria or chloroplast, multiple shapes (coccus,
bacillus, vibrio, etc) found in pairs, clusters or chains
- What are characteristics of Eukaryotic cells "animal and plant cells" - -
Have a nucleus, have membrane bound organelles, single celled or
multicellular, larger than prokaryotes, linear histone wrapped chromosomes
- Differences between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes - -All plants and animal
cells (protozoans , algae, fungi) are Eukaryotic.
bacteria and archaea are Prokaryotic
Structures if Eukaryotic: nucleus, membrane organelles in the cytoplasm
( mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysomes, and
peroxisomes held in place by the cytoskeleton. Flagella (whip like/flexible)
and cilla
Structures of Prokaryotic: cell membrane, chromosomal dna that is in
nucleotide, ribosomes, and cell wall. Flagella (stiff/rotating) pilli, fimbriae and
capsules
- Bacteria - -Found in every habitat on earth, prokaryotic, cell walls have
peptidoglycan and described by shape (coccus, bacillus, spirillum, spirochete
or vibrio)
- Protists - -A eukaryotic organism that cannot be classified as an animal,
plant, or fungus.
- Fungi - -Eukaryotic, lives by decomposing and absorbing nutrients. Not
photosynthetic and has cell wall made of chitin
- Helminths - -multicellular parasitic organisms commonly called worms or
flukes
ex: Guinea worm (Dracunculus medinensis)
- Viruses - -Acellular, consists of proteins and genetic material (dna/rna)
never both
- Bacterial Structures "prokaryotic" - -Nucleoid, ribosomes, endospores,
plasma membrane, cell wall, peptidoglycan, flagella, fimbriae, pilli
- Nucleoid of Bacteria - -central area in a prokaryotic cell that contains
genetic information, not surrounded by a membrane
, - Ribosomes of Bacteria - -site of protein synthesis. 70S composed of two
subunits (30S small and 50S large and are composed of protein and rRNA
components
- Endospores of bacteria - -form around DNA when stressed, protect until
conditions are good
- Plasma membrane in bacteria - -phospholipid bilayer with embedded
proteins that defines the boundary of the cell
- Cell wall of bacteria - -made of peptidoglycan and help maintain shape
and withstand changes in osmotic pressure
- Peptidoglycan of bacteria - -is part of the cell wall.
is made of sugars and proteins.
- Flagella of bacteria - -acts as a propeller to move the cell. Stiff, rotating
structure.
- Fimbriae of bacteria - -hairlike bristles that allow adhesion to surfaces
- Pili of bacteria - -Appendages that allow bacteria to attach to each other
and to transfer DNA
- Chemotaxis - -Directional movt from a call in response to chemical
attraction
- Phototaxis - -movement in response to light using flagella
- Bacterium "runs" - -Movt of bacteria counterclockwise flagellar rotation
- Bacteria "tumbles" - -Random movt of bacterial cell by clockwise flagellar
rotation
- vegetative cell - -metabolically active and growing and does not contain
endospores. Sensitive to extreme temps and radiation, gram positive, normal
water content
- Endospores - -A thick-walled protective spore that forms inside a bacterial
cell and resists harsh conditions (extreme temps and radiation) does not
absorb gram stain. No growth
- Why is sporulation important for bacteria - -Protects bacteria agaisnt
degrading agents, unfavorable growth and nutrient depletion
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