MSN 570 Advanced Pathophysiology Study Guide 2024 Perfect for Exam Prep GRADE A+
Nephrotic syndrome - ANSWER characterized by massive proteinuria caused by glomerular damage. corticosteroids are the mainstay; Associated with glomerulonephritis and with an immune response that is noninflamm...
, Nephrotic syndrome - ANSWER characterized by massive proteinuria caused by
glomerular damage. corticosteroids are the mainstay; Associated with
glomerulonephritis and with an immune response that is noninflammatory.
Glomerular Injury: Diffuse and Focal - ANSWER Lesions that involve all or most (>
50%) of the glomeruli (plural) are termed diffuse, and lesions that involve some (< 50%)
of the glomeruli are termed focal (e.g., focal segmental glomerulonephritis).
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Glomerular injury: Global and Segmental - ANSWER When a whole glomerulus
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(singular) is affected, the lesion is termed global, and the lesion is considered
segmental if only a portion (< 50%) of the glomerulus is affected.
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Glomerulonephritis - ANSWER An inflammatory disorder of the glomeruli, and most
forms occur as a result of activation of immune mechanisms.
Nephritic syndrome - ANSWER Associated with glomerulonephritis and an immune
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response that is inflammatory. A key feature is the passage of leukocytes, red blood
cells, and plasma proteins which occur as a result of inflammation.
1.) LIMITED proteinuria 2.) Oliguria and Azotemia 3.) Salt retention -- periorbital edema
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and hypertension(salt/fluid retention) 4.) RBC casts and dysmorphic RBCs in urine--
Immune Complex deposition activated Complement; C5a attracts neutrophils which
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mediate the damage
Proliferative structural (histologic) descriptor - ANSWER refers to an increase in
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glomerular cells (e.g., mesangial, endothelial, basement membrane). In the extra
capillary space, this forms specific lesions that are termed crescents, which are made of
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macrophages, fibroblasts, and other cells. These crescent cells accumulate in the
Bowman space and represent a rupture of the capsule.
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sclerosing structural (histologic) descriptor - ANSWER refers to glomerular scar
formation, and when the scarring is between the glomerulus and tubules, it is referred to
as interstitial fibrosis.
necrotizing structural (histologic) descriptor - ANSWER refers to cellular death.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
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