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Exam (elaborations)

ANBI 139 - Disease Questions and Answers (100% Pass)

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  • ANBI 139

Give an example each of heritable and non-heritable variation Eye-color and hobbies What is the difference between somatic and germ cells? Somatic cells are the majority of the cells in the body, germ cells can give rise to gametes Can somatic mutations be passed on to the next generation? ...

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  • November 8, 2024
  • 53
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • ANBI 139
  • ANBI 139
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ExamArsenal
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ANBI 139 - Disease Questions and
Answers (100% Pass)
Give an example each of heritable and non-heritable variation


✓ Eye-color and hobbies




What is the difference between somatic and germ cells?


✓ Somatic cells are the majority of the cells in the body, germ cells can

give rise to gametes




Can somatic mutations be passed on to the next generation?


✓ No only germ line mutations can




Are most mutations dangerous to the survival of the individual in which they

occur?


✓ No, most mutations appear to be neutral




Why is the evolutionary tree of life made up of branches?




Master01 | October, 2024/2025 | Latest update

, 1|Page | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+

✓ Because most of the time, once two populations or organisms have

stopped exchanging DNA, they become incompatible and cannot

start exchanging DNA again




Why is it impossible to place viruses on the tree of life?


✓ Because viruses do not contain DNA that can be directly compared to

the DNA in cellular life forms




What does convergent evolution mean?


✓ Independent evolution leading to similar outcomes




Give a proximate mechanism for disease


✓ Mutation in important immune genes (ex. interleukin 10)




Give an evolutionary explanation for disease


✓ Hygiene hypothesis




Why is the name SIV a misnomer?


✓ Because the virus does not cause immunodeficiency in most non-

human primates




Master01 | October, 2024/2025 | Latest update

, 1|Page | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+

Why is it impossible to rid the world of influenza A virus?


✓ There is a huge and diverse reservoir of influenza viruses in wild water

birds




What is unusual about prion disease?


✓ They are caused by a misfolded protein, not by a living, replicating

organism. A misfiled protein from outside the body causes additional

misfiling of the patient's own prion molecules




How could menopause be thought of as an adaptation rather than as a

disease?


✓ Long post reproductive survival in female humans may be an

adaptation to the importance of cultural transmission and the human

reproductive pattern




What is the origin of the word vaccination?


✓ The latin word vacca = cow, given that cowpox was used to immunize

humans against smallpox




What is the difference between variolation and vaccination?




Master01 | October, 2024/2025 | Latest update

, 1|Page | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+

✓ Variolation uses scabs from smallpox patients to immunize naive

persons, while vaccination uses scabs from cows infected with cowpox

to immunize against smallpox. Vaccination has since been applied to

other methods of immunization




How long is the haploid genome of each of our cells and how many letter

base pairs does it contain?


✓ About 1 meter long and it contains 3 billion bp




What does chromatin consist of?


✓ Histone and non-histone proteins and DNA




How can different parts of the genome have different histories?


✓ Genetic recombination breaks apart and brings together different

parts of the genome, The further apart on a chromosome two

segments of DNA are, the likelier that these do not share the same

precise history




What 2 different parts of our genomes do not get reshuffled but are rather

inherited from one parent only?


✓ Mitochondrial DNA and most of the Y-chromosome



Master01 | October, 2024/2025 | Latest update

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