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EAS379 Final Study Guide Exam |Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Verified
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EAS379 Final Study Guide Exam |Questionswith 100% Correct Answers | Verified
The Chinese Communist Party (1921) - ✔️✔️The first meeting of the Chinese Communist Party
was conducted in 1921 as a result of rising interest in Marxism as a result of Marxist Study
Groups that had emerged in the wake of the May Fourth movement. The party was supported
by communists in the Soviet Union.
Great Northern Expedition (1926-1927) - ✔️✔️Military campaign, undertaken by the allied
Guomindang-Communist forces (the National Revolutionary Army) under the leadership of
Chiang Kai-shek, to free China from fragmented warlord rule and unify it under one
government.
The Shanghai Massacre aka 12 April Incident (1927) - ✔️✔️The violent suppression of the CCP by
Chiang Kai-shek as he purged communists from the military. Chiang was supported by the
Green Gang in persecuting communists and Shanghai labor union militias, forcing the
communists to flee to the countryside.
Nanjing Decade (1928-1937) - ✔️✔️A period of relative stability in which the Guomindang
controlled part of China from its seat of power in Nanjing. During this period, the Guomindang
was too small to rule all of China but was too large to be overthrown by other factions.
Japanese annexation of Jehol Province to Manchukuo (1933) - ✔️✔️The Japanese annexed the
province to become part of Manchukuo in order to serve as a buffer zone between China and
Manchukuo-proper. The annexation of Jehol created a decline in Sino-Japanese relations that
led to the Second Sino-Japanese War
Long March (1934-1935) - ✔️✔️A journey of 6,000 miles made by Communist forces escaping the
suppression campaign of Chiang Kai-she. Only 8,000 to 9,000 of the original 80,000 who began
the year-long trek out of the Jiangxi Soviet area in 1934 lived to establish a new Communist
base at Yan'an in the northwestern province of Shaanxi (many died, and many stayed behind to
continue spreading the Communist message). The event is portrayed as an act of heroism in
China and allowed Mao to emerge as the undisputed leader of the CCP.
,Xi'an Incident (1936) - ✔️✔️In December of 1936, Chiang Kai-shek was kidnapped by the warlord
Zhang Xueliang in Xi'an in an attempt to force Chiang to agree to a united Chinese effort against
the Japanese. Zhang held Chiang until negotiations between the Guomindang and the CCP
(represented by Zhou Enali) resulted in Chiang's release on Christmas Day.
Second Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945) - ✔️✔️A war that broke out when China began a full-
scale resistance to the expansion of Japanese influence. The war was fought by the Chinese
united front, which composed of unified GMD and CCP forces. The conflict was initiated by the
Marco Polo Bridge Incident.
Marco Polo Bridge Incident (1937) - ✔️✔️The Japanese seizure of the Marco Polo railway bridge
near Beijing on July 7, 1937. The incident was supposedly prompted by a missing Japanese
soldier who was suspected to have been kidnapped by the Chinese (he wasn't actually
kidnapped). The fighting that followed this maneuver marked the beginning of open hostilities
between China and Japan and can be seen as the first battle of World War II.
Nanjing Massacre (1937-1938) - ✔️✔️A period of seven weeks in December 1937-January 1938
during which Japanese troops plundered Chiang Kai-shek's capital city, killing an estimated
50,000 and raping tens of thousands of women.
Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki (1945) - ✔️✔️Allied forces (the Americans) dropped
atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, which led to the unconditional
surrender of Japan, ending the War in the Pacific and the Second Sino-Japanese War.
Unconditional Surrender of Japan (1945) - ✔️✔️Following the dropping of the atomic bombs, the
Japanese agreed to the terms of unconditional surrender laid out in the Potsdam Declaration
and World War II concluded.
Chinese Civil War (1946-1949) - ✔️✔️A military struggle between the GMD and the CCP for
control of China. While the GMD appeared to have every numerical advantage, the CCP were
able to win. The GMD was broken internally amid reports of corruption and an unstable
,economy, while the CCP possessed a revolutionary spirit that they would help the people and
were able to garner popular support.
The Great Famine (1958-1962) - ✔️✔️A product of the Great Leap Forward, the Great Famine
was likely caused by a conjunction of natural events and government policy. There was rampant
overreporting by villages and great strain was put on peasants to increase their agricultural
yields. It's estimated that the Great Famine resulted in somewhere between 36 and 45 million
deaths.
Chiang Kai-Shek and GMD Flee to Taiwan (1949) - ✔️✔️As the GMD forces were pushed back,
Chiang left the mainland and retreated to the island of Taiwan. He led an exodus of people,
goods, and institutions from the mainland and into Taiwan.
Mao declares People's Republic of China (1949) - ✔️✔️As the end of Nationalist power on the
mainland became clear, Mao declared the establishment of the People's Republic of China from
his capital in Beijing.
Korean War (1950-1953) - ✔️✔️A conflict between the DPRK and the ROK that 'ended' with a
similar division of territory. The Chinese intervened on the side of the DPRK with the People's
Volunteer Army led by Peng Dehuai and the UN intervened on the side of the ROK with mostly
American forces led, initially, by General MacArthur. Propaganda on both sides ramped up as
the war went on, as each side wanted to garner further domestic support.
The Resist America and Aid Korea Campaign (1950) - ✔️✔️Chinese propaganda movement to
create support for involvement in the Korean War. The war was promoted as a chance to
challenge the US presence in Asia and project China's rise as a regional, if not a world, power.
The campaign led to the driving out of foreigners and people who had contact with foreigners,
as the assets of foreigners were frozen.
The Five Anti's Campaign (1952) - ✔️✔️Struggle launched in 1952 by the Communist party
against Chinese industrialists and businessmen who had stayed on in China after 1949. The
movement ended the independent operation of capitalists and helped consolidate CCP power
over the Chinese economy.
, The Five-Year Plan (1953-1957) - ✔️✔️A period of rapid industrialization in China regarded to
have been successful. The plan was based on the Soviet five-year plans and gained Soviet
support in terms of materials and technology. The largest change took place in the countryside
as the agricultural sector was collectivized.
The Great Leap Forward (1958-1962) - ✔️✔️An attempt by Mao Zedong to heighten economic
productivity dramatically in China through mass organization and the inspiration of
revolutionary fervor among the people. Exaggerated reports of the success of policies such as
the radical collectivization of peasants into large "people's communes" and the decentralization
of industrial production temporarily masked the actual economic disaster and widespread
famine brought by the Great Leap.
Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) - ✔️✔️Complex social upheaval that began as a struggle
between Mao Zedong and other top party leaders for dominance of the CCP and went on to
affect all of China with its call for "continuing revolution." The movement led to the formation
of the Red Guards, the persecution of many officials and intellectuals, and the destruction of
historical artifacts.
Sino-Soviet Split (1961) - ✔️✔️The breaking of political relations between China and the Soviet
Union that was largely caused by doctrinal differences in interpretation of Marxist-Leninism.
The split facilitated the groundwork for Nixon's visit to China as China became a third party in
the Cold War.
Lin Biao's coup attempt (1971) - ✔️✔️Lin Biao, an ardent Mao supporter during the Cultural
Revolution, appears to have attempted a coup against Mao. After the coup failed, Lin Biao
attempted to flee China for the Soviet Union but was killed when his plane crashed in Mongolia.
Nixon Goes to China (1972) - ✔️✔️President Nixon's trip to China marked the resumption of US-
China relations after years of no communication. The visit allowed the US to gain greater
leverage in US-Soviet relations.
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