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NMDD221 Questions and Correct Answers the Latest Update
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Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) A daily nutrient level estimated to meet the requirements of half the healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group Recommended Dietary Intake (RDI) The average daily dietary intake level that is sufficient to meet the nutrient requiremen...

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  • November 8, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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NMDD221 Questions and Correct Answers
the Latest Update
Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)

✓ A daily nutrient level estimated to meet the requirements of half the healthy individuals in
a particular life stage and gender group



Recommended Dietary Intake (RDI)

✓ The average daily dietary intake level that is sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements
of nearly all (97-98 per cent) healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender
group.



Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)

✓ The average dietary energy intake that is predicted to maintain energy balance in a
healthy adult of defined age, gender, weight, height and level of physical activity,
consistent with good health. In children and pregnant and lactating women, the EER is
taken to include the needs associated with the deposition of tissues or the secretion of milk
at rates consistent with good health.



Upper Level of Intake (UL)

✓ The highest average daily nutrient intake level likely to pose no adverse health effects to
almost all individuals in the general population. As intake increases above the UL, the
potential risk of adverse effects increases.



Advantages of using Dietary Analysis Software




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✓ 1. Advances in technology have made it easy for clients to enter food data so improves
client adherence.

✓

✓ 2. Saves time for nutritionist as all calculations are done via by program

✓

✓ 3. Visual aids - graphs & reports.

✓

✓ 4. Can be used as assessment of current diet & development of personalised dietary plans
to meet goals.



Disadvantages of using Dietary Analysis Software

✓ 1. Accuracy of information depends of initial recording, data entry & accuracy of food
composition.

✓

✓ 2. May lead to increased focus on numbers, losing sight of the bigger picture &
overlooking other factors i.e. adherence to holistic nutrition principals

✓

✓ 3. Process of recording food intake & then going through reports might feel
overwhelming for some clients

✓

✓ 4. It is common for people to change their eating habits when they know it has to be
recorded and analysed.

✓

✓ 5. Some programs are expensive and not compatible with all devices.



Nutritional case management process


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✓ 1. Nutrition focused case taking

✓ 2. Nutritional health assessment

✓ 3. Holistic nutritional diagnosis

✓ 4. Treatment plan

✓ 5. Monitoring and evaluation



Catabolic factors of undernutrition

✓ 1. Excess alcohol consumption = decreased muscle protein synthesis.

✓

✓ 2. Tobacco smoking = decreased muscle protein synthesis & increased muscle protein
degradation

✓

✓ 3. Inactive & sedentary lifestyle = decreased muscle protein synthesis, increased muscle
protein degradation & decreased muscle function & quality

✓

✓ 4. Insufficient energy & protein intake = decreased muscle protein synthesis, increased
muscle protein degradation & decreased muscle function & quality.

✓

✓ 5. Vitamin D deficiency = decreased muscle function & quality.



Catabolic factors - testosterone

✓ In males 1% decreases per year & bioavailable testosterone by 2% per year from the
age of 30. In women testosterone levels rapidly drop from 20 to 45 years of age.



Food intake recording methods



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