Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - ANSWERSPopular motivational theory proposed by Abraham Maslow in 1943.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Main Idea - ANSWERSIndividuals must satisfy a basic series of needs before they can reach their potential.
Maslow's Deficiency Needs - ANSWERSPhysiological, Safety,...
Maslow's Physiological Need - ANSWERSBiological needs for survival, food, water,
shelter
Maslow's Safety Need - ANSWERSProtection from the elements, law and order,
financial security, and freedom from fear.
Maslow's Love and Belonging Need - ANSWERSNeed for interpersonal relationships -
friendships, intimacy, being part of a group.
Maslow's Esteem Need - ANSWERSSelf-respect, respect from others, achievement,
status, and prestige.
Maslow's Cognitive Need - ANSWERSCuriosity, knowledge, and intellectual exploration
Maslow's Aesthetic Need - ANSWERSNeed focuses on the search for and expression
of beauty and balance.
Maslow's Self-Actualization Need - ANSWERSPersonal growth and fulfillment and the
realization of one's personal potential as a human being.
Maslow's Transcendence Need - ANSWERSMeeting spiritual needs or helping others
achieve self-actualization.
Arnold Gesell - ANSWERSFirst theorist to observe and document stages of physical
development.
Gesell's Maturational Theory - ANSWERSChild's growth & development are influenced
by both their environment and genes in sequential order
Infancy - ANSWERSThe stage of development that begins at birth and lasts between 18
and 24 months. Dozens of motor skills are added.
, Early Childhood - ANSWERSThe stage of development from 2 - 6 years old.
Improvements occur in both fine and gross motor skills.
Concrete Operational Stage - ANSWERSStage of development from 7 to 11 years.
Logical thought begins, and they understand the idea of conservation.
Formal Operational Stage - ANSWERSStage of development for 12 years and up.
Abstract thought begins. Higher order thinking and ability to systematically plan for
future.
Schema - ANSWERSCategories of knowledge that help us to interpret and understand
the world. An organized pattern of behavior or thought.
Assimilation - ANSWERSProcess of using or transforming the environment so that it
can be placed in preexisting cognitive structures (schema).
Accomodation - ANSWERSProcess of changing cognitive structures (schema) in order
to accept something from the environment. Can also develop new schemas.
Equilibration - ANSWERSThe attempt to strike a balance between assimilation and
accommodation. The tendency to organize schemas.
Vygotsky's Theory of Cognitive Development - ANSWERSLev Vygotsky's sociocultural
theory that emphasized the important role of social interactions in the development of
children's cognition.
Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) - ANSWERSThe place where the most sensitive
instruction or guidance should be given. It is the link between what we can do and what
we can't do.
More Knowledgeable Other (MKO) - ANSWERSSomeone who has a better
understanding or a higher ability level than the learner.
Vygotsky's Social Approach to Language Development - ANSWERSLanguage develops
through social interactions.
Bandura's Social Learning Theory - ANSWERSLearning occurs through observation
and modeling.
3 Types of Modeling - ANSWERSLive models, direct instruction, and symbolic
instruction.
Carol Gilligan's Theory of Gender and Moral Development - ANSWERSBased her work
on Kohlberg's theories, but states gender might influence ethical development.
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