PCAT Pearson Biochemistry Questions and
Answers with 100% Complete Solutions |
verified &updated 2024
RNA Structure - ✔✔different from DNA in that it: uses ribose as its sugar,
contains uracil, and is usually single stranded; it can be found in both the nucleus
and cytoplasm of the cell
mRNA - ✔✔messenger RNA; carries the complement of a DNA sequence; it
transports this complement form the nucleus to the ribosomes for protein
,synthesis; made from ribonucleotides complementary to the template strand for
DNA; monocistronic - meaning that one mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide
tRNA - ✔✔transfer RNA; small RNA molecule found in the cytoplasm; assists
the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids;
helps by bringing the AAs coded for in the mRNA sequence to the ribosomes
during protein synthesis
Anticodon - ✔✔complementary to one of the mRNA codons
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase - ✔✔an active site that binds to both the AA and
its corresponding tRNA, catalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA
complex
rRNA - ✔✔ribosomal RNA; structural component of ribosomes and is the most
abundant of all RNA; mRNA sequence passes through two subunits of the rRNA
structure and is translated into AA at this time; synthesized in the nucleolus
, Transcription - ✔✔process through which information coded in the base
sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus
through nuclear pores; occurs when the RNA Polymerase binds to the DNA at the
promoter region
Promoter Region - ✔✔a short DNA sequence found upstream from the site
where transcription of a specific RNA is going to take place
Transcription Factors - ✔✔help the RNA polymerase to bind to the DNA
molecule and initiate transcription
pre-mRNA - ✔✔RNA before the extra nucleotides that are not necessary for
the protein are spliced out
Introns - ✔✔extra sequences of RNA not needed for the protein
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