Exam (elaborations)
American Red Cross Lifeguarding Test
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American Red Cross Lifeguarding Test American Red Cross Lifeguarding Test American Red Cross Lifeguarding Test
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American Red Cross Lifeguarding TestSizing Up a Scene - ANS Determine if the scene is safe for you; check for hazards that could endanger
you or victim, determine cause of injury, determine number of victims, put on appropriate PPE barriers
Primary Assessment - ANS Checking victim for responsiveness, breathing, and a pulse (Look, Listen, Feel)
Check Airways; Breathing; Circulation *ABCs*
Secondary Assessment (pg. 216) - ANS take a brief history and perform a quick head-to-toe physical
exam
SAMPLE mnemonic when taking a brief history (pg. 216) - ANS S: Signs and Symptoms
A: Allergies
M: Medications
P: Pertinent past medical history
L: Last Oral Intake
E: Events leading up to incident
LOC - ANS Level of Consciousness
Caring for Sudden Illness (pg. 218) - ANS 1. Care for any life-threatening conditions first
2. Monitor victim and watch for changes in LOC
3. Keep victim comfortable and be reassuring
4. Do not give the victim anything to eat or drink
Hypoglycemia (pg. 218) - ANS Low Blood Sugar (Diabetic Emergencies)
,Hyperglycemia (pg. 218) - ANS High Blood Sugar (Diabetic Emergencies)
Diabetic Emergencies (pg. 218) - ANS 1. If conscious and can safely swallow fluids, give the victim sugar
in form of juice drink
(pg. 219) Seizures last... - ANS 1-3 minutes
(pg. 219) When someone has a seizure... - ANS 1. protect the person from injury by moving nearby
objects away from the person
2. position the person on his/her size
(pg. 219) Contact EMS during seizure if... - ANS 1. seizure occurs in water
2. seizure lasts 5+ minutes
3. person has repeated seizure
4. person is pregnant
5. cause of seizure unknown
6. person fails to regain consciousness after seizure
7. this is the persons first seizure
Seizure in Water (pg. 219) - ANS Keep victim stable and their head above water
Signs of Stroke Victims (pg. 220) - ANS Sudden Illness/change in how body is working;
weakness/numbness in face, difficulty with speech, blurred vision, severe headache, loss of balance
FAST (stroke mnemonic) - ANS F: Face-weakness on one side of face
A: Arm-weakness or numbness in one arm
S: Speech-slurred speech or trouble speaking
,T: Time- time to summon EMS if these signs are seen *Contact ASAP*
Soft Tissues (pg. 220) - ANS layers of skin, fat and muscle beneath the skins outer layer
Abrasion (pg. 222) - ANS Skin has been rubbed or scraped away
Laceration (pg. 222) - ANS Cuts that is deep and bleeds freely
Avulsion (pg. 222) - ANS a cut in which a piece of soft tissue or even part of the body such as a finger is
torn off
Puncture (pg. 222) - ANS a hole that is in tissue; typically does not bleed profusely.
Shock (pg. 223) - ANS a natural reaction by the body, typically following a serious injury
Signs of Shock (pg. 223) - ANS -restlessness/irritability
-altered LOC
-pale or ashen
-cool, moist skin
-nausea or vomiting
-rapid breathing and pulse
-excessive thirst
Caring for Nosebleeds - ANS 1. Have victim lean forward slightly while pinching nose
2. Pinch nostrils for approximately 10 minutes
3. Avoid blowfly or picking nose
, 4. Contact EMS if nosebleed is excessive or victim changes LOC
Caring for Eye Injuries - ANS 1. Summon EMS *DO NOT PUT PRESSURE DIRECTLY ONTO EYE*
2. Do Not Remove object from eye (if inserted)
3. Loosely bandage area
Embedded Objects (pg. 226) - ANS 1. Summon EMS
2. Leave object embedded in body
3. Bandage around the object to stabilize
Four Sources of Burns (pg. 229) - ANS 1. Heat Burn
2. Radiation Burn
3. Chemical Burn
4. Electrical Burn
Caring for Electrical Burn (pg. 229) - ANS 1. Call EMS; Survey Scene; Primary Assessment
2. Cool Burn with cold tap water
3. Cover burn with dry sterile dressing
4. Be aware that electrocutions can cause cardiac and breathing emergencies
Caring for Chemical Burn (pg. 229) - ANS 1. Call EMS; Survey Scene; Primary Assessment
2. Brush off any chemicals with gloved hand / flush area with large amounts of cool water
3. Keep flushing area with water for 20 mins. or until EMS arrives
4. If chemicals in eye, flush eyes with cool running water until EMS arrive
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