EAPS 100 Exam 1
Coal is a sedimentary rock composed of organic matter and
frequently contains plant fossils. Which of the following
statements can we infer to be true about the depositional
environment in which coal formed? - ✔ ✔ Coal was originally
deposited in a biologically productive terrestrial ecosystem.
Coal is composed of fossil organic matter and is used as fuel for
many of the power plants in the USA. From which organisms did
this organic matter originate? - ✔ ✔ Plants
Coal is produced from burying organic matter in sediment and
exposing it to high temperatures and pressures during lithification
and, sometimes, metamorphism. Which types of organisms
produced the organic matter that typically produces coal? - ✔
✔ Plants
Continental collisions lead to the development of what type of
topographic feature at the surface of the Earth? - ✔ ✔ A
major mountain range
Continental collisions occur when continents are pulled into
subduction zones. Why aren't continents pulled into the Earth's
mantle like oceanic crust? - ✔ ✔ They are composed of rocks
that are less dense than the Earth's mantle.
,Cooling a magma will tend to cause it to - ✔ ✔ Crystallize
minerals
Diamonds are made from carbon with an isotopic signature that is
consistent with an origin as ancient life-forms. What process could
have brought organic carbon deep into Earth's interior to provide
the carbon needed to create diamonds? - ✔ ✔ Subduction
Do volcanoes that dominantly erupt basaltic magma tend to pose
an acute threat to human life? - ✔ ✔ No, people can typically
get out of the way of lava flows. However, infrastructure might be
damaged.
Each letter in the above diagram represents a species and the
adjacent line represents the period of time it was present on Earth
before it speciated or went extinct. Use this information to
determine which of the following sedimentary rocks is the oldest.
- ✔ ✔ Lowest
Earthquakes produce three types of waves: p-waves, s-waves,
and surface waves. Which of these waves causes the most ground
motion and consequently the most damage during earthquakes? -
✔ ✔ surface waves
Examples of mechanical weathering? - ✔ ✔ Tree roots
growing into a crack within a cliff and splitting rock
, Sand carried in wind abrades a cliff face
Ice expanding in a crack and wedging a rock off of a cliff
Explosive volcanism occurs most commonly in which tectonic
setting? - ✔ ✔ Subduction zones
Geological shortening during collisions between continents
frequently leads to what topographic feature? - ✔ ✔ A
mountain range
Geologists think that hotspots form over what type of feature? -
✔ ✔ a 'plume' of hot material that has risen from deep within
the Earth, potentially from the boundary between the Earth's
mantle and core
Heating a magma will ________ crystallization and solidification
into a rock. Please fill in the blank with the best answer choice. -
✔ ✔ Inhibit
Hotspot volcanism typically makes linear chains of volcanoes that
get progressively younger in one direction. What would best
describe the orientation of these features? - ✔ ✔ The chain of
volcanoes lies parallel to the direction of motion for the tectonic
plate on which they are built
How would you characterize this volcano based on its shape and
eruptive style? (Steep, Explosive) - ✔ ✔ A composite volcano
Coal is a sedimentary rock composed of organic matter and
frequently contains plant fossils. Which of the following
statements can we infer to be true about the depositional
environment in which coal formed? - ✔ ✔ Coal was originally
deposited in a biologically productive terrestrial ecosystem.
Coal is composed of fossil organic matter and is used as fuel for
many of the power plants in the USA. From which organisms did
this organic matter originate? - ✔ ✔ Plants
Coal is produced from burying organic matter in sediment and
exposing it to high temperatures and pressures during lithification
and, sometimes, metamorphism. Which types of organisms
produced the organic matter that typically produces coal? - ✔
✔ Plants
Continental collisions lead to the development of what type of
topographic feature at the surface of the Earth? - ✔ ✔ A
major mountain range
Continental collisions occur when continents are pulled into
subduction zones. Why aren't continents pulled into the Earth's
mantle like oceanic crust? - ✔ ✔ They are composed of rocks
that are less dense than the Earth's mantle.
,Cooling a magma will tend to cause it to - ✔ ✔ Crystallize
minerals
Diamonds are made from carbon with an isotopic signature that is
consistent with an origin as ancient life-forms. What process could
have brought organic carbon deep into Earth's interior to provide
the carbon needed to create diamonds? - ✔ ✔ Subduction
Do volcanoes that dominantly erupt basaltic magma tend to pose
an acute threat to human life? - ✔ ✔ No, people can typically
get out of the way of lava flows. However, infrastructure might be
damaged.
Each letter in the above diagram represents a species and the
adjacent line represents the period of time it was present on Earth
before it speciated or went extinct. Use this information to
determine which of the following sedimentary rocks is the oldest.
- ✔ ✔ Lowest
Earthquakes produce three types of waves: p-waves, s-waves,
and surface waves. Which of these waves causes the most ground
motion and consequently the most damage during earthquakes? -
✔ ✔ surface waves
Examples of mechanical weathering? - ✔ ✔ Tree roots
growing into a crack within a cliff and splitting rock
, Sand carried in wind abrades a cliff face
Ice expanding in a crack and wedging a rock off of a cliff
Explosive volcanism occurs most commonly in which tectonic
setting? - ✔ ✔ Subduction zones
Geological shortening during collisions between continents
frequently leads to what topographic feature? - ✔ ✔ A
mountain range
Geologists think that hotspots form over what type of feature? -
✔ ✔ a 'plume' of hot material that has risen from deep within
the Earth, potentially from the boundary between the Earth's
mantle and core
Heating a magma will ________ crystallization and solidification
into a rock. Please fill in the blank with the best answer choice. -
✔ ✔ Inhibit
Hotspot volcanism typically makes linear chains of volcanoes that
get progressively younger in one direction. What would best
describe the orientation of these features? - ✔ ✔ The chain of
volcanoes lies parallel to the direction of motion for the tectonic
plate on which they are built
How would you characterize this volcano based on its shape and
eruptive style? (Steep, Explosive) - ✔ ✔ A composite volcano
