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Cogsci 1B Final Exam with correct Answers
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Cogsci 1B Final Exam with correct Answers
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Cogsci 1B Final Exam with correctAnswers
Three Stage model of memory - Answers -Atkinson-Shiffrin model
sensory memory
working memory (short term memory)
long term memory
Sensory memory - Answers -holds sensory info briefly (.5-4 seconds)
selection and processing of info
part of perception
iconic memory
echoic memory
iconic memory - Answers -photographic memory
visual sensory memory
echoic memory - Answers -auditory sensory memory
eidetic imagery - Answers -photographic memory
characterized by relatively long lasting and detailed images of visual scenes that can be
scanned and looked at
only 5% of children and less in adults
sensory mem
short term memory - Answers -working memory
hold items that are actively being thought about
limited capacity - 7 +/- 2 items, number of words you can speak in 1.5 seconds
5-30 seconds
,working mem - because info decays rapid unless maintained in consciousness through
rehearsal (active process)
phonological loop - Answers -associated with left hemi
briefly stores sounds
part of working mem
cannot perform two at same time but can one verbal one spatial
working mem
visuospatial sketchpad - Answers -associated with right hemi
stores visual and spatial info
cannot perform two at same time but can one verbal one spatial
working mem
episodic buffer - Answers -working mem
hold and combine info from phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad and long term
memory to form a story - time sequencing
central executive - Answers -integrates info from phonological loop, visuospatial
sketchpad and episodic buffer
similar to attention sensory model in atkinson shriffin model
long term memory - Answers -all of one's knowledge
no time limit
no limit to amount
explicit/declarative memory - Answers -with conscious recall
recall or recognition of info, can be verbally transmitted
episodic memory: recall of personal facts
semantic memory: recall of general facts
ltm
,implicit/non-declarative memory - Answers -without conscious recall
memory that influences one's behavior or thought but does not itself enter
consciousness, cannot be verbally transmitted
procedural mem: recall of how to do things
long term brain storage - karl lashley - Answers -rats learn maze
lesion cortex
test memory resulted in finding memories do not reside in one single spot
Long term potentiation - Answers -mechanism through which learning occurs in brain
a long term increase in the excitability of a neuron to a particular synaptic input caused
by repeated high frequency activity of that input
stimulating particular neural circuit will increase the sensitivity of neurons in that circuit,
increasing chance it will fire again
binding of glutamate to NMDA receptors
both negative and positive thoughts tend to be self-reinforcing
important in processing and storing new explicit mems - Answers -frontal lobes - recall
info and hold it in working memory
hippocampus - 'save' button for explicit memories
hippocampus is loading dock (temp), then migrate to storage in memory consolidation
removing rat hippocampus 3 hours after it learns prevents long term mem formation, 48
hours later no impact
greater heart rate and hippocampus activity during sleep the better the next day mem
dissociation - Answers -when brain damage affects two behaviors very differently, this
suggest that the two behaviors are produced by diff processes
clive wearing - musician suffered damage to his hippocampus, wont rmmbr people he
saw after 10 min but can still conduct choir and play piano
hippocampus - Answers -central to formation of explicit memories
, people with temporal lobe amnesia (damage to hippocampus and around) cannot form
new explicit memories though they can form new implicit memories
have normal iq and can carry on a normal convo but cannot remember anything that
happened few min ago
place cells - Answers -posterior hippocampus
neurons involved in spatial navigation
volume of posterior hippocampus in london taxi driver larger than average
two structures that play important roles in formation of implicit memories are - Answers -
cerebellum - involved in learning of procedural memories for skills
basal ganglia - deep brain structure important in motor sequencing
parkinsons disease involves degeneration of parts of basal ganglia
organic amnesia - Answers -physical cause
brain injury through accident or stroke
provide evidence for diff memory system
korsakoff amnesia - amnesia caused by brain damage resulting from thiamine
deficiency, result from alcoholism
psychogenic (hysterical) amnesia - Answers -psychological cause
DID/multiple personality disorder; person exhibits two or more distinct personalities
alzheimer's disease - Answers -disease occurring late in life characterized by
deterioration of mem, reasoning and language abilities
occurs in 7% of population above age of 65 and 40% of people older than 80
loss of neurons in cortical and sub cortical regions - ventricals may be enlarged - patient
might lose 50% of brain mass
severe degeneration of hippocampus and cortical gray area
amyloid plaques
deficiencies of acetylcholine
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