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Psych 110 Exam 3 Christie Charles With Complete solutions | Latest update 100% Solved
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Psych 110 Exam 3 Christie Charles With Complete solutions | Latest update 100% Solved
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Psych 110 Exam 3 Christie Charles WithComplete solutions | Latest update 100%
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artificial intelligence - ✔✔_____ is the field that examines how to use technology to imitate
human thinking, problem solving, and creative activities
machine learning - ✔✔today, artificial intelligence uses __________
- processes immense amounts of data and makes probabilistic guesses
speed, persistence, and a huge memory - ✔✔computers using artificial intelligence
are particularly good at tasks that require ______________
preparing; producing; judging and evaluating - ✔✔psychologists have found that problem
solving typically involves three steps: ___________ to create solutions; ____________
solutions; and ____________ and ___________ the solutions that have been generated
,well-defined problem - ✔✔the nature of the problem and the information needed to solve it
are available and clear
ill-defined problem - ✔✔the nature of the problem and the information needed to solve it
are unclear
arrangement problems - ✔✔_______ requires the problem solver to rearrange elements in a way
that will satisfy a certain criterion
problems of inducing structure - ✔✔in ______, a person must identify the existing relationships
among the elements presented and then construct a new relationship among them
transformation problems - ✔✔________ consists of an initial state, a goal state, and a method for
changing the initial state into the goal state
phrased or framed - ✔✔the way in which we represent a problem - and the solution
we eventually come to - depends on the way a problem is ________ or _______
trial and error - ✔✔trying a variety of solutions and eliminating those that don't work
heuristics and cognitive - ✔✔complex problem solving often involves the use of ______ and
_______ shortcuts that generate solutions
,means-ends analysis - ✔✔a strategy in which a problem solver considers the ultimate goal
(the end) and determines the best strategy (the means) for attaining the goal
subgoal - ✔✔another heuristic commonly used is to divide a problem into _____, and then solve
each of those steps
insight - ✔✔a sudden awareness of the relationships among various elements that had
previously appeared to be unrelated to one another
wolfgang kohler - ✔✔insight was demonstrated in a classic study by psychologist _______, who
examined learning and problem - solving processes in chimpanzees
subsequent research - ✔✔______ has shown that prior experience and trial-and-error practice in
problem solving must precede "insight"
difficult - ✔✔if there is no single correct solution, evaluating solutions can be _____
heuristics and valid information - ✔✔theoretically, if we rely on appropriate _____ and _____
information, we can make accurate choices among alternative solutions
obstacles - ✔✔several kids of ____ bias the decisions and judgments we make
behavioral economics - ✔✔examining biases in decision making has influenced the
development of a new field known as _______
, functional fixedness - ✔✔the tendency to think of an object only in terms of its typical use
mental set - ✔✔the tendency to solve problems in a certain way, based on past experience
- hinders our ability to come up with other solutions
- can prevent us from seeing beyond the apparent constraints of a problem
confirmation bias: - ✔✔the tendency to seek out and weight more heavily information that
supports one's initial hypothesis and to ignore contradictory information that supports
alternative hypotheses or solutions
•Rethinking a problem that appears to be solved already takes extra cognitive effort.
•We tend to give greater weight to subsequent information that supports the initial position,
compared to information that is not supportive of the initial position. - ✔✔reasons
confirmation bias may occur
creativity - ✔✔the ability to generate original ideas or solve problems in novel ways
divergent thinking and cognitive complexity - ✔✔creative individuals show ______ and also
_____ in their thinking
divergent thinking - ✔✔thinking that generates multiple and novel responses to problems
or questions
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