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NSG 302 Fluid and Electrolytes exam questions fully solved & updated 2025
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NSG 302 Fluid and Electrolytes exam questions fully solved & updated 2025
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NSG 302 Fluid andElectrolytes exam
questions fully solved
& updated 2025
The nurse is caring for a patient with heart failure. What assessment data
indicates the patient is at risk for developing fluid volume excess?
Full, bounding pulse
Flattened neck veins
Low blood pressure
Easily obliterated pulse - answer Full, bounding pulse
Any change in the fluid volume is reflected in changes in blood pressure,
pulse rate force, and jugular venous distension. A fluid volume excess may
cause a full bounding pulse, increased blood pressure, and distended neck
veins. The pulse in this case is not easily obliterated. Flattened neck
veins, low blood pressure, and a weak and thready pulse that can be
easily obliterated indicate fluid volume deficit.
In the regulation of water balance, which system has a primarily
antiinflammatory effect and increases serum glucose levels?
,Renal
Cardiac
Adrenal-cortical
Hypothalamic-pituitary - answer Adrenal-cortical
The adrenal-cortical system secretes glucocorticoids and
mineralocorticoids to regulate water and electrolyte balance.
Glucocorticoids have an antiinflammatory effect and increase serum
glucose levels. The renal system regulates water balance through urine
volume changes and excretion of electrolytes. The cardiac system
produces natriuretic peptides that promote the excretion of sodium and
water. The hypothalamic-pituitary system releases antidiuretic hormone,
which results in increased water reabsorption into the blood and
decreased excretion in the urine.
The nurse is caring for a group of patients with a variety of diagnoses.
Which conditions would cause the nurse to include interventions in the
plan of care to address anticipated hypophosphatemia? Select all that
apply.
Renal failure
Respiratory alkalosis
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Tumor lysis syndrome
Malabsorption syndrome - answer Respiratory alkalosis
,Diabetic ketoacidosis
Malabsorption syndrome
The nurse would include interventions to address hypophosphatemia when
providing care to patients with respiratory alkalosis, diabetic ketoacidosis,
and malabsorption syndrome. The nurse should create a care plan for
hyperphosphatemia when providing care to patients with renal failure and
tumor lysis syndrome.
The patient has a prescription for lactated Ringers intravenously (IV) at a
rate of 200 mL/hour. An IV pump is not available. The IV tubing has a drop
factor of 10 drops/mL. The nurse will administer the lactated Ringers
solution at how many drops per minute? Record your answer using a
whole number.
gtt/minute - answer 33 gtt/min
Use the following formula to calculate the rate of IV solutions: Volume
multiplied by drop factor divided by time (in minutes). Multiply 200 by 10
to yield 2000 and divide this by 60 to yield 33.3 or 33 gtt/minute (because
the nurse cannot count a fraction of a drop).
The nurse receives a health care provider's prescription to change a
patient's intravenous (IV) from D 5 ½ normal saline (NS) with 40 mEq KCl/L
to D 5 NS with 20 mEq KCl/L. Which serum laboratory value on this same
patient best supports the rationale for this IV prescription change?
Sodium 136 mEq/L, potassium 4.5 mEq/L
Sodium 145 mEq/L, potassium 4.8 mEq/L
Sodium 135 mEq/L, potassium 3.6 mEq/L
, Sodium 144 mEq/L, potassium 3.7 mEq/L - answer Sodium 136 mEq/L,
potassium 4.5 mEq/L
The normal range for serum sodium is 135 to 145 mEq/L, and the normal
range for potassium is 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L. The change in the IV prescription
decreases the amount of potassium and increases the amount of sodium.
For this prescription to be appropriate, the potassium level must be near
the high end and the sodium level near the low end of their respective
ranges.
Test-Taking Tip: Avoid looking for an answer pattern or code. There may be
times when four or five consecutive questions have the same letter or
number for the correct answer.
The nursing instructor is discussing peripherally implanted catheters
(PICC) with a nursing student. Which nursing student statement would
indicate a need for further teaching?
"I will need to watch for phlebitis for up to 10 days after the PICC is
inserted."
"A PICC line is usually only used for access up to six months, but it can be
left in longer."
"I can safely take blood pressures in the arm with the PICC as long as the
cuff is below the insertion site."
"A PICC has fewer side effects than a central venous catheter, such as a
lower infection rate and fewer insertion complications." - answer Blood
pressure should not be taken on an arm with a PICC line because inflation
of the cuff can lead to the risk of vein damage or thrombosis. Nurses do
need to check for phlebitis for up to 10 days after the PICC is inserted.
PICC lines are typically used for access for up to six months, and they can
be left longer. PICC lines have fewer side effects than central venous
catheters.
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