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Abdominal Final Review WCUI Exam Questions and Answers Which structures lies medial to the left thyroid lobes - ANSWER-Larynx Common cause of thyroid disorders worldwide - ANSWER-Graves disease, toxic adenoma, toxic multinodular Parathyroid glands produce hormone that affects which organs - AN...

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  • November 10, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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Abdominal Final Review WCUI Exam

Questions and Answers


Which structures lies medial to the left thyroid lobes - ANSWER✔✔-Larynx


Common cause of thyroid disorders worldwide - ANSWER✔✔-Graves disease, toxic adenoma, toxic

multinodular


Parathyroid glands produce hormone that affects which organs - ANSWER✔✔-kidneys, bones

gastrointinal bone


Thyroid hormones - ANSWER✔✔-Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3), calcitonion


Multiple thyroid nodules are described as _________ - ANSWER✔✔-Multinodular goiter (MNG)


What is the thin bridge of thyroid tissue called that straddles the trachea anteriorly? - ANSWER✔✔-

Isthmus


The isthmus is the smallest portion of the gland with an AP diameter of ____ to ____ mm - ANSWER✔✔-

4 to 6


How many strap muscles lie along the anterior surface of the thyroid gland - ANSWER✔✔-three


The ______ muscle is posterior and lateral to each thyroid lobe along the anterior surface of the cervical

vertebrae - ANSWER✔✔-longus colli




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When thyroid hormones are needed in the body, they are released into the bloodstream by the action of

the ________ which is produced in the pituitary gland. - ANSWER✔✔-Thyroid stimulating hormone

(TSH)


Thyroid stimulating hormone is regulated by ___________ which is produced by the hypothalamus -

ANSWER✔✔-Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)


Normal parathyroid glands are located _______ to the surface of thyroid - ANSWER✔✔-posterior


______ decreases the concentration of calcium in the blood by first acting on bone to inhibit its

breakdown of calcium. - ANSWER✔✔-Calcitonin


When thyroid is producing the correct amount of thyroid hormone, it is considered to be normal, or

________________. - ANSWER✔✔-Euthyroid


Under secretion of thyroid hormones is called _________ and is the most commo thyroid disorder. -

ANSWER✔✔-Hypothyroidism


What are the clinical signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism? - ANSWER✔✔-weight gain, hair loss,

increased subcutaneous tissue around the eyes, lethargy, slowing motor, cold intolerance, constipation


Oversecretion of thyroid hormone results in _______. - ANSWER✔✔-Hyperthyroidism


_______ occurs when the entire thyroid gland is not functioning properly usually from diffuse

enlargement or localized nodule or adenoma causing an over-production of thyroid hormones. -

ANSWER✔✔-Grave's Disease


Clinical signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism - ANSWER✔✔-weight loss, increased appetite, irritable,

tremor, excessive sweating, heat intolerance, palpitations, protruding eyes (exophthalmos)



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The most common laboratory test to evaluate thyroid function is ___________ - ANSWER✔✔-serum

thyroxine


______ is a thyroid test that can determine its function by combining iodine uptake scan and thyroid

scan - ANSWER✔✔-Scintigraphy


The _________ thyroid scan will detect the amount of radioactive tracer to image the thyroid glad and

demonstrate the thyroid size, shape & position - ANSWER✔✔-nuclear medicine


A concentrated amount of radioactivity in the thyroid will be imaged as a ______ (hyperfunction) nodule

and an lower concentration of radioactive tracer will demonstrated absence of uptake as _______

(nonfunctioning) nodule - ANSWER✔✔-hot, cold


Hot nodules are typically ______ and cold nodules have the potential to be ______ - ANSWER✔✔-

benign, malignant


Normal sonographic appearance of the thyroid gland is fine _______ echotexture that is slightly more

echogenic that the surrounding musculature - ANSWER✔✔-homogeneous


Approximately 80% of nodular thyroid disease is due to _________ or compensatory ______ forming

micronodules and micronodules of the gland - ANSWER✔✔-hyperplasia, hypertrophy


The most common cause of thyroid disorders worldwide is ______ deficiency, which leads to nodule and

goiter formation - ANSWER✔✔-iodine


An _______ goiter may affect large groups of people in a specific geographic area where iodine levels in

the soil, food and water are low - ANSWER✔✔-endemic


A _______ goiter is condition where nodular enlargement causes hyperactivity of the thyroid gland and

hyperthyroidism. - ANSWER✔✔-toxic

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________ goiter occurs when nodular enlargement is not associated with thyroid dysfunction. -

ANSWER✔✔-nontoxic


A __________ is a benign thyrid neoplasm that represents 5% to 10% of all nodular diseases of the

thyroid. - ANSWER✔✔-follicular adenoma


The _______ is often solitary and slow growing unless hemorrhage occurs that could cause sudden and

painful enlargement. - ANSWER✔✔-adenoma


A presence of a thin _______ ______ or halo due to compressed tissue surrounding the adenoma is

consistent finding with a benign adenoma. - ANSWER✔✔-hypoechoic rim


________ of the thyroid is rare - ANSWER✔✔-carcinoma


A solitary markedly hypoechoic thyroid nodule with the presence of cervical lymphadenopathy on the

same side suggest ________ - ANSWER✔✔-malignancy


The most common of thyroid malignancies is __________, which comprises approximately 70% of all

thyroid cancers. affects females 3 times more often at ages 20 to 40 years of age - ANSWER✔✔-papillary

carcinoma


________ is the second most common type of malignancy, affects females between the ages of 40 to 60

- ANSWER✔✔-Follicular carcinoma


Follicular carcinoma usually presents as a ______ thyroid mass and may not be differentiated

pathologically with FNA biopsy and may require surgical removal of the entire nodule to confirm

diagnosis. - ANSWER✔✔-solitary


Several diseases of the thyroid are characterized by _____________ of the gland causing enlargement

without palpable nodule. - ANSWER✔✔-diffuse involvement

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