AQA Biology paper 1 Exam Study Guide Solutions

AQA Biology paper 1 Exam Study Guide Solutions aerobic respiration - ANSWER-an exothermic reaction in which glucose is broken down using oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water and release energy for the cells anaerobic respiration - ANSWER-an exothermic reaction in which glucose is broken down in the absence of oxygen to produce lactic acid in animals and ethanol and carbon dioxide in plants and yeast. A small amount of energy is transferred for the cells exothermic reaction - ANSWER-a reaction that transfers energy to the environment glycogen - ANSWER-carbohydrate store in animals lactic acid - ANSWER-the end product of anaerobic respiration in animal cells oxygen debt - ANSWER-the extra oxygen that must be taken into the body after exercise has stopped to complete the aerobic respiration of lactic acid Mitochondria - ANSWER-Organelle that is the site of respiration Responses to exercise - ANSWER-Heart rate increases, Breathing rate increases, glycogen in muscles is converted to glucose endothermic reaction - ANSWER-a reaction that requires a transfer of energy from the environment glucose - ANSWER-a simple sugar limiting factors - ANSWER-limit the rate of a reaction, for example photosynthesis Copyright © OLIVIAWEST 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Copyright ©Stuvia International BV Page 2/12 photosynthesis - ANSWER-the process by which plants make food using carbon dioxide, water, and light Reactants for photosynthesis - ANSWER-water and carbon dioxide Products of photosynthesis - ANSWER-glucose and oxygen Chloroplast - ANSWER-Site of photosynthesis white blood cells - ANSWER-Blood cells that perform the function of destroying disease-causing microorganisms Sperm cells - ANSWER-It has a long tail and a streamlined head to help it swim. There are a lot of mitochondria in the cell to provide the energy needed. It also carries enzymes in its head to digest through the egg cell membrane. light - ANSWER-energy source for photosynthesis aorta - ANSWER-the artery that leaves the heart from the left ventricle and carries oxygenated blood to the body arteries - ANSWER-blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. They usually carry oxygenated blood and have a pulse atria - ANSWER-the upper chambers of the heart capillaries - ANSWER-the smallest blood vessels. They run between individual cells and have a wall that is only one cell thick coronary arteries - ANSWER-the blood vessels that supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle Copyright © OLIVIAWEST 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Copyright ©Stuvia International BV Page 3/12 double circulatory system - ANSWER-the circulation of blood from the heart to the lungs is separate from the circulation of blood from the heart to the rest of the body epidermal - ANSWER-the name given to cells that make up the epidermis or outer layer of an organism guard cells - ANSWER-surround the stomata in the leaves of plants and control their opening and closing haemoglobin - ANSWER-the red pigment that carries oxygen around the body in the red blood cells palisade mesophyll - ANSWER-the upper layer of the mesophyll tissue in plant leaves made up of closely packed cells that contain many chloroplasts for photosynthesis phloem - ANSWER-the living transport tissue in plants that carries dissolved food (sugars) around the plant plasma - ANSWER-the clear yellow-liquid part of the blood that carries dissolved substances and blood cells around the body platelets - ANSWER-fragments of cells in the blood that play a vital role in the clotting mechanism of the blood pulmonary artery - ANSWER-the large blood vessel that takes deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs pulmonary vein - ANSWER-the large blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the left atrium of the heart Copyright © OLIVIAWEST 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Copyright ©Stuvia International BV Page 4/12 red blood cells - ANSWER-biconcave cells that contain the red pigment haemoglobin and carry oxygen around the body in the blood spongy mesophyll - ANSWER-the lower layer of mesophyll tissue in plant leaves that contains some chloroplasts and many large air spaces to give a big surface area for the exchange of gases stent - ANSWER-a metal mesh placed in a blocked or partially blocked artery. They are used to open up the blood vessel by the inflation of a tiny balloon translocation - ANSWER-the movement of sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant through the phloem transpiration - ANSWER-the loss of water vapour from the leaves of plants through the stomata when they are opened to allow gas exchange for photosynthesi