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LPPP 3230 EXAM LATEST UPDATE
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LPPP 3230 EXAM LATESTUPDATE
Interest Groups/NGOs - Answer an organization of people who share a common interest
and work together to protect and promote that interest by influencing the government.
NGOs are non-governmental organizations. They are usually non-profit and sometimes
international organizations independent of governments and international governmental
organizations (though often funded by governments) that are active in humanitarian,
educational, health care, public policy, social, human rights, environmental, and other
areas to affect changes according to their objectives. They are significant because they
impact the foreign policymaking bureaucracy through lobbying, and giving information
to politicians
Gerrymandering - Answer Excessive manipulation of districts. In a way, this makes it so
legislators are picking their voters instead of voters picking legislators. This impacts the
policymaking process by altering legislative control, minimizing the vote of one party
and maximizing the vote of another.
Line-Item Veto - Answer The power of a governor to veto or reject individual parts, or
lines, of a bill without vetoing the entire bill. This is a power often used by governors in
appropriations bills. This gives Governors far more executive power in their respective
state than the president has in our national government.
Executive Order - Answer A directive order issued by the president that manages
operations of the federal government and has the force of law. It impacts policymaking
because it is a way for the executive to get things done without going through Congress.
An executive order is enforced by law until it is overturned by a law established by
Congress, or a court rules it unconstitutional.
Signing Statement - Answer A written pronouncement issued by the President of the
United States upon the signing of a bill into law. It has no legal effect, but it is the
President pointing out where they deem it unconstitutional. Presidents Bush and Obama
have used them to reinterpret what a law means, which is controversial. Often, these
are used to inform executive agencies on how to enforce or implement the law as
written, limit the implementation, or to mobilize constituents.
Legislative Jurisdiction - Answer refers to the federal authority to legislate and to
exercise executive and judicial powers within a specified area. When the Federal
Government has legislative jurisdiction over a particular land area, it has the power and
authority to enact, execute, and enforce general legislation within that area.
Authorization Committee - Answer Legislative committees, such as the House
Committee on Armed Services and the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and
Transportation, are responsible for authorizing legislation related to the agencies and
, programs under their jurisdiction; most standing committees have authorizing
responsibilities. They delegate authority to the appropriations committee
Appropriations Committee - Answer The standing committee responsible for regulating
spending and passing spending bills in Congress. It is one of the most powerful
committees, and the members of this committee are some of the most influential.
Burke's Dichotomy - Answer Constituents elect their representatives as 'trustees' (or
'entrust' them) for their constituency. These 'trustees' have sufficient autonomy to
deliberate and act in favour of the greater common good and the national interest, even
if it means going against the short-term interests of their own constituencies.
Unfunded Mandate - Answer An unfunded mandate is a statute or regulation that
requires a state or local government to perform certain actions, with no money provided
for fulfilling the requirements. Public individuals or organizations can also be required to
fulfill public mandates. An example is raising the minimum wage, or decreasing federal
funding of welfare programs.
Entitlements - Answer Programs of the federal government including Medicaid,
Medicare, Social Security, and Unemployment and Welfare Programs. Entitlement
programs are rights granted to citizens and certain non-citizens by federal law. They
are huge and expensive. Any decrease in entitlement funding tends to be unpopular
among constituents, and difficult to pass in Congress because of this.
Filibuster - Answer A tactic for delaying or obstructing legislation by making long
speeches. They are used by the minority party in the Senate to prevent a vote on a
measure. A cloture vote can end a filibuster.
Ted Cruz reading green eggs and ham
Cloture - Answer A cloture vote is used to end a filibuster, ending the debate and taking
a vote on a measure. A supermajority (⅗) vote is needed to end a filibuster.
Omnibus Bill - Answer Combining issues into one megabill. Often diverse, unrelated
bills. Despite it being many bills, since they are combined into one large bill, it only
requires one vote. These are often used to pass more controversial legislation, and
often budget bills. Some consider omnibus bills to be anti-democratic because they can
be used to veto-proof certain items.
Policy Rider - Answer Additional provision of a bill that has nothing to do with the subject
matter. Used to pass something that would never pass in its own bill. An example is the
Hyde Amendment, which blocks federal funds from being used for abortions outside of
rape, incest, or if the pregnancy endangers a woman's life. It was originally attached to
the Congressional appropriations bill for the Department of Health and Human Services
in 1976.
Dual Sovereignty - Answer A concept in federalism in power is divided between federal
and state governments, and states exercising their powers accorded to them without
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