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UCF Chemistry Placement Test Guide With Complete Solutions 100% Correct
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UCF Chemistry Placement Test Guide With CompleteSolutions 100% Correct
Matter - ANSWER Anything that has mass and occupies space; composed of atoms
Atoms - ANSWER The smallest unit of matter that can't be broken down and is
composed mostly of empty space; consists of three parts: the electron, proton and
neutron
Elements - ANSWER A pure substance that consists of only one type of atom
Compound - ANSWER Two or more elements combined by a chemical bond; ionic and
covalent
Mixture - ANSWER Two or more substances that are together but not bonded
Pure Substance - ANSWER Substance that contains only one kind of compound
Bose-Einstein Condensate - ANSWER The state of matter with the lowest energy;
basically a very cold solid
Solid - ANSWER A state of matter with strong bonds
Liquid - ANSWER A state of matter with weak bonds
Gas - ANSWER A state of matter with no bonds
,Plasma - ANSWER State of matter that has the most energy; it utilizes ionization instead
of bonds
Robert Boyle - ANSWER First to define what an element is; anything is a substance until
such time that it cannot be decomposed
John Dalton - ANSWER Combined earlier concepts to describe the atom: elements are
composed of atoms; all atoms of a given element are identical; atoms of one element
differ from atoms of all other elements; law of constant composition; atoms cannot be
observed
Law of Constant Composition - ANSWER The atoms of one element can combine with the
atoms of other elements to form compounds; a given compound always contains the
same relative numbers and kinds of atoms
J.J. Thomson-ANSWER Discovered electrons and protons and developed the plum
pudding model of an atom
Electrons-ANSWER The negatively charged particle in an atom; circles around the
nucleus in the electron cloud
Proton-ANSWER The positively charged particle in an atom; located in the nucleus;
determine the element
Neutron-ANSWER The neutral particle in an atom; it has no charge and is located in the
nucleus
Plum Pudding Model ANSWER An early model of the atom that envisioned a sphere of
positive charge with electrons scattered throughout
Ernest Rutherford ANSWER Conducted an experiment in which he shot alpha particles
at gold foil; showed there was a small, dense nucleus containing a positive charge and
that protons are positive
,Metals ANSWER The elements on the left-hand side of the periodic table that want to
lose electrons
Characteristics of Metals - ANSWER - Malleable
- Ductile
- Conductive
- Lustrous
Malleable - ANSWER The ability to be molded into shapes
Ductile - ANSWER The ability to be pulled into wire
Conductive - ANSWER The ability to allow heat or electricity to pass through an object
Lustrous - ANSWER The ability to be shiny
Nonmetals - ANSWER Elements located on the right side of the periodic table that want
to gain electrons
Metalloids - ANSWER Elements placed in a stair-step line between metals and
nonmetals; they have characteristics of both
Diatomic Molecules - ANSWER Elements that occur in pairs in their natural state;
hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine
Electronegativity - ANSWER The tendency of a molecule to draw electrons to it; within
the table it increases from left to right and decreases from top to bottom; fluorine is the
most dense
, Atomic Radius - ANSWER The size of an atom; within the table it decreases from left to
right and increases from top to bottom
Ionization Energy - ANSWER Energy to remove an electron; increases left to right and
decreases top to bottom
Ion - ANSWER An atom that has gained or lost electrons
Anion - ANSWER An atom that gains electrons and has a negative charge; nonmetals
Cation - ANSWER An atom that looses electrons and has a positive charge; metals
Isotope - ANSWER An atom that has changed its number of neutrons
Atomic Number - ANSWER A unique number to each element that tells the number of
protons and the number of electrons if the atom is neutral
Atomic Mass - ANSWER A number that tells the number of protons and neutrons in an
atom
Neutron Number - ANSWER Atomic Mass - Atomic Number
Radioactive - ANSWER A nucleus that spontaneously decomposes, forming a different
nucleus and producing one or more particles; alpha, beta, and gamma ray
Alpha Particle - ANSWER One type of radioactive particle; it is a essentially a helium
nucleus; when this type of particle is released, the mass of the atom is conserved and so
is the atomic number
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