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Test bank for a manual of laboratory and diagnostic tests 7th edition frances t fischbach
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Test bank for a manual of laboratory and diagnostic tests 7th edition frances t fischbach
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TEST BANK FOR A MANUAL OF LABORATORYAND DIAGNOSTIC TESTS 7TH EDITION
FRANCES T FISCHBACH
What do you do when you received the results of the test - (ANSWER)Compare to normal
values and report abnormal values to the Dr.
Culture and Sensitivity - (ANSWER)Identifies the species and strain of bacteria or other
pathogen and the drugs most effective at inhibiting their growth must be determined. The C&S is
obtained before the antibiotic is started.
When do you label specimen bottle - (ANSWER)Before collecting the specimen. Put patients
name and other data, Label goes on side, not lid.
What does the Specific Gravity numbers indicated - (ANSWER)Whether the patient are hydrated
or dehydrated.
Urine Specific Gravity - (ANSWER)This determines the concentration of urine compared with
pure water.If the specific gravity of the patients urine is less than 1.01, the patient is
overhydrated. If the patients urine is above 1.025, the patient is dehydrated.
Urinalysis - (ANSWER)Tests for albumin, pH, glucose, acetone, ketones, and blood in the urine.
Use a dipstick following directions and check for color changes, includes many factor: color,
presence of ketones, protein, pH, etc.
Normal findings of a UA - (ANSWER)Color - Straw to dark yellow,
Odor - Slightly aromatic,
Appearance - Clear,
Specific gravity - 1.01 to 1.025,
pH - 4.5 to 8.0, &
,Protein, Glucose, Ketones, Bilirubin, Hemoglobin, RBCs, Nitrite (bacteria) & WBCs should not
be present
Methods of Obtaining a Urine Specimen - (ANSWER)Clean Catch (Midstream), 24 hour urine,
Fractional, Double voiding, Straight cath, Urine from an indwelling catheter & U-bag with
infants
Clean Catch (Midstream) - (ANSWER)Cleanse urethral area using prepackaged wipes. Males
circular motion outward & Females front to back. Void small amount in toilet to rinse out
urethra, Void in the cup collecting 1 to 2 oz then stop & complete voiding in the toilet. If unable
to void, offer fluids and wait 30 minutes
Why should a small amount of urine initially fall into the toilet bowl before it is collected -
(ANSWER)This clears the urethra of contaminants
24 hour urine - (ANSWER)Tests for protein, creatinine clearance, & catecholamines most
commonly. Have a 2L opaque bottle, label bottle with patients name. Void and discard urine to
begin with empty bladder or catheter. If a voiding is not collected within the 24 hour collection,
the patient must start over.
Store urine on ice or in refrigerator.
Fractional - (ANSWER)Same as 24 hour but do this for 6 hour sets using 4 bottles
Collect for:
12 a - 6 a
6 a - 12 p
12 p - 6 p
6 p - 12 a
Double Voiding - (ANSWER)Use double voiding with diabetic for glucose and ketone levels.
Void & discard, 30 minutes later void again and test.
,Catheters - (ANSWER)Straight caths can be used to obtain a specimen. Collect urine from a
catheter by clamping the catheter for no longer than 30 minutes and withdrawing urine from the
catheter port with a syringe
the patient need 3 cc for a culture and 20 cc for a urinalysis. U bags can be used for collection
from infants.
Stool Specimens - (ANSWER)Collect in container or bedpan, Culture using culturette or tongue
blade from 3 different areas. Don't collect during menstrual cycle. When tested for occult blood,
the patient should not eat red meat for 2 to 3 days before the specimen is collected. Stool may be
collected for 3 consecutive days, normal is negative for blood
O&P ova & parasites - (ANSWER)To lab asap, should be read within 30 minutes
Hematest/Hemoccult for blood - (ANSWER)Normal results would be negative for occult blood
Using applicator provided, collect small fecal sample.
Apply a thin smear covering Box A. reuse applicator to obtain second sample from a different
part of stool. Apply a thin smear covering Box B. And close cover flap.
C&S done on stool specimens test for - (ANSWER)Salmonell, Shigella, E. coli
Sputum Specimens - (ANSWER)Collect 3 days in a row for some tests, collect prior to eating,
use of mouthwash, or brushing teeth. Give fluids or breath humidified air to liquefy secretions,
expectorate into sterile container. If they become hypoxic during collection, stop and provide
oxygen if ordered; encourage deep breathing technique
Throat, nasal, and nasopharyngeal cultures - (ANSWER)Use culturette only touching the area to
be cultured, patient will gag when you obtain the specimen. Collect throat culture before or 1
hour after meals
Wound culture - (ANSWER)Remove dressing
Clean area around wound edges, obtain specimen with culturette. For aerobic culture crush
ampule of medium and push swab into the fluid. For anaerobic culture don't crush ampule of
medium. Don't touch swab or inside of tube
, Blood Glucose Monitoring - (ANSWER)Normal values are 80 - 120.
Turn on & prepare monitor hold finger to be punctured dependently and massage toward
puncture site. Clean site with antiseptic swab, prick finger & wipe away first drop of blood it has
serous fluid & can dilute specimen. Apply sample 7 wait for results while applying pressure to
puncture site
Blood Glucose level 126 on 2 or more occasions indicates - (ANSWER)Diabetes Mellitus
Fast for 12 - 14 hours before - (ANSWER)Fasting blood glucose can be taking
Serum Lab Tests and Values - (ANSWER)Vacutainer tubes may contain additional substances
that preserve the blood for processing. Colors are used for different tests
Blue tube - (ANSWER)Pt with INR
Red tube - (ANSWER)Plain Serum
Green tube - (ANSWER)Heparin
Purple tube - (ANSWER)CBC
Black tube - (ANSWER)SED rate, or erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), can reveal
inflammatory activity
Gray tube - (ANSWER)Glucose
Yellow tube - (ANSWER)SSGT/electrolytes
CBC - (ANSWER)Includes:
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