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HSC 4504 Hypersensitivity Exam Study Guide Solutions hypersensitivity - ANSWER-an exaggerated response by the immune system to a particular substance autoimmunity - ANSWER-responses against self antigens autoimmune diseases - ANSWER-disorders caused by the immune system's responses against self...

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  • November 11, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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HSC 4504 Hypersensitivity Exam Study

Guide Solutions


hypersensitivity - ANSWER✔✔-an exaggerated response by the immune system to a particular substance


autoimmunity - ANSWER✔✔-responses against self antigens


autoimmune diseases - ANSWER✔✔-disorders caused by the immune system's responses against self

antigens


innate hypersensitivity (type I) - ANSWER✔✔-type of pathologic reaction that is caused by the release of

mediators from mast cells; relies on the production of IgE antibodies and the binding of IgE to mast cells


antibody-mediated hypersensitivity (type II) - ANSWER✔✔-diseases caused by antibodies that are

directed against cell or tissue antigens that can damage these cells or tissues or can impair their function


immune complex diseases (type III) - ANSWER✔✔-diseases caused by antibodies directed against soluble

antigens in the blood, possibly forming complexes with antigens that may deposit in blood vessels in

various tissues, causing inflammation and tissue injury


t cell mediated diseases (type IV) - ANSWER✔✔-diseases resulting from the reactions of T lymphocytes

specific for self antigens or microbes in tissues


atopic - ANSWER✔✔-individuals with a propensity to develop allergic reactions


allergy - ANSWER✔✔-disorders in which IgE mediated hypersensitivity is prominent




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immediate hypersensitivity reaction sequence - ANSWER✔✔-(1) activation of Th2 and IL-4 secreting

follicular helper T cells, which stimulate the production of IgE antibodies in response to an antigen


(2) binding of IgE to IgE specific F receptors of mast cells


(3) cross-linking bound IgE by the antigen, leading to activation of mast cells and release of mediators


late phase reaction - ANSWER✔✔-the component of an allergic response that occurs over several hours

as mast cell mediating cytokines recruit neutrophils and eosinophils to the site of reaction; this is

responsible for tissue injury that results from repeated bouts of immediate hypersensitivity


immediate hypersensitivity develops from - ANSWER✔✔-activation of Th2, IL-4 secreting Tfh cells, and

IgE antibody production


allergens - ANSWER✔✔-antigens that elicit immediate hypersensitivity (allergic) reactions


antibodies secreted in immediate hypersensitivity - ANSWER✔✔-IL-4 and IL-13 (induces allergic

responses), IL-5 (promotes eosinophilic inflammation)


atopic dermatitis - ANSWER✔✔-caused by mutations of filagrin, a protein required for barrier function in

skin


sensitization - ANSWER✔✔-the process of coating mast cells in IgE antibodies specific for the antigen to

which the individual is allergic, makes the mast cells sensitive to activation by subsequent encounter

with that antigen


inhaled allergens - ANSWER✔✔-route of allergen entry that activate mast cells in sub-mucosal tissues of

the bronchus




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