Chapter 2 - Ethical Decision Making
100%
What is the Ethical Decision-Making Process? - answer requires a persuasive and
rational justification for a decision
- rational justifications are developed through a logical process of decision making that
gives proper attention to facts, alternative perspectives, consequences to all
stakeholders, and ethical principles
(1) FIRST STEP: - answer1. determine the facts of the situation
- separate facts from opinions
What are Perceptual Differences? - answer surrounding how individuals experience and
understand situations can explain many ethical disagreements in a situation
- individuals perceive the world independently of their own conceptual framework --
belief that experiences are interpreted through our own understanding and concepts
(2) SECOND STEP: - answer requires the ability to recognize an ethical decision or an
ethical issues -- then identify the ethical issues involved
TRUE OR FALSE: The first and second steps may arise in a reverse order in some
circumstances - answerTRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: economic decisions and ethical decisions are not mutually exclusive
- answerTRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: an ethical decision should be made based on how it would affect the
well-being of all the people involved - answerTRUE
What is Normative Myopia? - answerthe tendency to ignore, or lack the ability to
recognize, ethical issues in decision making
- shortsightedness about values
What is Inattentional Blindness? - answera result of focusing on too narrow a range of
questions
, - when we focus on the wrong thing, or fail to focus, we may fail to see key information
that will lead to success or preventing an unethical behavior
What is Change Blindness? - answersomething happens frequently enough that it
becomes a pattern that is accepted
- occurs when gradual change goes unnoticed over time
(3) THIRD STEP: - answeridentify and consider all of the people affected by a decision,
the people often called stakeholders
Who are the stakeholders of a corporation? - answer- employees
- customers
- local community
- government
- suppliers
- owners (shareholders)
(4) FOURTH STEP: - answerconsider the available alternatives -- also called using
Moral Imagination
- compare and weigh the alternatives
- responsible & ethical decisions should be explainable, defensible, and justifiable
What is Moral Imagination? - answerwhen facing an ethical dilemma, ________
____________________ is the ability to envision various alternative choices,
consequences, resolutions, benefits, and harms
(5) FIFTH STEP: - answermake a decision, formulate a plan, and carry it out
(6) SIXTH STEP: - answermonitor and learn from your outcome(s)
- revisit the ethical decision to determine if it had the intended outcome OR needs to be
modified
When Ethical Decision Making Fails, there are (2) stumbling blocks - answer1.
Intellectual
2. Cognitive
3. Incomplete Monitoring & Learning
1/2 Stumbling Blocks: Intellectual / Cognitive - answer- ignorance
- considering only limited alternatives
- selecting the alternative that satisfies the minimum decision criteria, also known as
satisficing
100%
What is the Ethical Decision-Making Process? - answer requires a persuasive and
rational justification for a decision
- rational justifications are developed through a logical process of decision making that
gives proper attention to facts, alternative perspectives, consequences to all
stakeholders, and ethical principles
(1) FIRST STEP: - answer1. determine the facts of the situation
- separate facts from opinions
What are Perceptual Differences? - answer surrounding how individuals experience and
understand situations can explain many ethical disagreements in a situation
- individuals perceive the world independently of their own conceptual framework --
belief that experiences are interpreted through our own understanding and concepts
(2) SECOND STEP: - answer requires the ability to recognize an ethical decision or an
ethical issues -- then identify the ethical issues involved
TRUE OR FALSE: The first and second steps may arise in a reverse order in some
circumstances - answerTRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: economic decisions and ethical decisions are not mutually exclusive
- answerTRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: an ethical decision should be made based on how it would affect the
well-being of all the people involved - answerTRUE
What is Normative Myopia? - answerthe tendency to ignore, or lack the ability to
recognize, ethical issues in decision making
- shortsightedness about values
What is Inattentional Blindness? - answera result of focusing on too narrow a range of
questions
, - when we focus on the wrong thing, or fail to focus, we may fail to see key information
that will lead to success or preventing an unethical behavior
What is Change Blindness? - answersomething happens frequently enough that it
becomes a pattern that is accepted
- occurs when gradual change goes unnoticed over time
(3) THIRD STEP: - answeridentify and consider all of the people affected by a decision,
the people often called stakeholders
Who are the stakeholders of a corporation? - answer- employees
- customers
- local community
- government
- suppliers
- owners (shareholders)
(4) FOURTH STEP: - answerconsider the available alternatives -- also called using
Moral Imagination
- compare and weigh the alternatives
- responsible & ethical decisions should be explainable, defensible, and justifiable
What is Moral Imagination? - answerwhen facing an ethical dilemma, ________
____________________ is the ability to envision various alternative choices,
consequences, resolutions, benefits, and harms
(5) FIFTH STEP: - answermake a decision, formulate a plan, and carry it out
(6) SIXTH STEP: - answermonitor and learn from your outcome(s)
- revisit the ethical decision to determine if it had the intended outcome OR needs to be
modified
When Ethical Decision Making Fails, there are (2) stumbling blocks - answer1.
Intellectual
2. Cognitive
3. Incomplete Monitoring & Learning
1/2 Stumbling Blocks: Intellectual / Cognitive - answer- ignorance
- considering only limited alternatives
- selecting the alternative that satisfies the minimum decision criteria, also known as
satisficing
