Unit 3 NU 545| RECENT
UPDATE|COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS |GET IT 100%
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what is an STI? (affect more than 20 million
Americans per year, and 1/2 are younger than 25
years. Hidden epidemic.
STI: is the general term for any disease that can be
spread by intimate and/or sexual contact.
Includes systemic diseases such as hepatitis
and tuberculosis
Is prevalent in all socioeconomic and racial or ethnic
groups
Individuals who have unprotected nonmonogamous
sex have the greatest risk for STI exposure and
infection.
,Types of sexually transmitted urogenital
infections
Bacterial -(gonorrhea-syphilis-chancroid-granuloma
inguinale-bacterial vaginosis)
Viral
Protozoal
Parasitic
Fungal
Gonorrhea (Bacterial infection)
Disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI)
•Rare systemic complication brought about by the
spread of infection through the bloodstream
•Life-threatening condition causing a generalized
rash and severe joint pain
Perihepatitis
•Spread of N. gonorrhoeae to the liver
Ophthalmia neonatorum
•Gonococcal eye infection in an infant from an
infected mother (most states require prophylactic
opthalmic antibiotics to prevent gonococcal eye
infection. Topical antibiotics may not be effective in
eliminating neonatal infection and systemic tx. is
indicated for all newborns with known exposure.
(onset of symptoms 1-12 days) Newborns may also
develop gonorrheal rhinitis.
Gonnorhea (Bacterial infection)
Is caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
,Transmission generally requires the contact
of epithelial surfaces such as vaginal, oral, or anal
intercourse, and infection in the adults can be in the
vagina, rectum, oropharynx, and the urethra.
Pregnant woman can pass gonorrhea to her fetus
through infected cervical and vaginal secretions, and
a mother can pass it to her newborn child. Following
vertical transmission, the newborn eyes can be
infected and result in blindness if untreated.
Humans are the only natural hosts.
Presence of pili helps N. gonorrhoeae attach to
the epithelial cells of mucous membranes.
Why is treatment for gonorrhea becoming more
difficult?
because of rapidly developing resistance to
antibiotics. CDC and WHO advise dual drug
treatment to treat the infection and staunch
increasing resistance.
Antibiotic resistance is most common in those who
frequently have oral and anal intercourse (men with
men) CDC says gonorrhea likely to become resistant
to all antibiotics in the near future.
Common sites/complications of
gonorrhea (Bacterial infection)
•Endocervical canal (inner portion of the cervix):
most common site for women
•Urethra
•Skene and/or Bartholin glands
, •Urethra or rectum: most common site for men
Complications:
•Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
•Sterility
•Disseminated infection
Clinical manifestations of gonorrhea (Bacterial
infection)
•Men: sudden onset of painful urination or
purulent penile discharge, or both (within a week
from infection)
•Women (within 10 days of exposure or 1-2 days
after the next period. More than half are
asymptomatic
Symptoms often do not appear until they have
spread to the upper reproductive tract (uterus,
fallopian/uterine tubes, and ovaries)
Dysuria (difficult/painful urination)
Increased vaginal discharge, increased flow or
dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia (painful sex) , lower
abdominal and/or pelvic pain
Fever; mucopurulent discharge from the cervical os
treatment for gonorrhea (Bacterial infection)
•Antibiotic (ceftriaxone)
•Multidrug administration to reduce resistance
•Resistant to many antibiotics
•Treatment of partners
•Avoidance of sex until infection resolved, then
usage of condoms
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