Perfusion definition - answer the exchange of blood, gases, and fluids between the
vessels and tissues and organ systems
Perfusion assessment questions - answer Tell me about your energy level, have you felt
faint or dizzy, have you noticed any swelling in your legs
Perfusion color - answer Is the pt's skin pale, cyanotic, or mottled? Are their buccal
membranes pink?
Perfusion Moisture - answer Is the patient moist or dry, is the pt cool or warm?
To assess perfusion, we palpate... - answer the pulse at various locations of the body
(carotid, apical, brachial, radial, femoral, popliteal, dorsalis pedis, posterior tibial)
Other things we can assess for perfusion - answer blood pressure, capillary refill,
auscultate the heart
S1 - answerthe lub that results from the closure of the valves between the atria and
ventricles, low-pitched, marks the start of systole
S2 - answerthe dub that corresponds to closure of the semilunar valves between the
ventricles and the great arteries exiting the heart. Marks the start of diastolic
S3 - answerHeard immediately after S2. KenTUCKy. Best heard at the apical site with
client laying on their left. Normal in children while sitting or lying, normal in third
trimester of pregnancy. When abnormal, represents heart failure or volume overload.
Best heard with bell, also called gallop
S4 - answerHeard immediately before S1, FLOrida, best heard at apical site with client
on left using bell, Normal in athletes and some older pts. Could indicate coronary artery
disease, hypertension, and pulmonic stenosis.
Murmurs - answeradditional sounds produced by turbulent flow through the heart. Some
are innocent, while others indicate pathology such as alteration in valve structure
Murmur grading - answer1 - barely audible, 2 - audible immediately but then faint, 3 -
loud, without thrust or thrill, 4 - loud with thrust or thrill, 5 - very loud, with thrust or thrill
and audible with stethoscope partialy applied, 6 - heard without stethoscope
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