COMPLETE SOLUTION FOR VTNE PHARMACOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024/2025
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Course
COMPLETE SOLUTION FOR VTNE PHARMACOLOGY
Institution
COMPLETE SOLUTION FOR VTNE PHARMACOLOGY
COMPLETE SOLUTION FOR
VTNE PHARMACOLOGY EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
All drugs need to be stored and handled so that they are safe for the patient, client, and veterinary staff.
When handling drugs that are concidered cytotoxic or hazardous, personal protective apparel (PPA)
should be worn. W...
COMPLETE SOLUTION FOR
VTNE PHARMACOLOGY EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
All drugs need to be stored and handled so that they are safe for the patient, client, and veterinary staff.
When handling drugs that are concidered cytotoxic or hazardous, personal protective apparel (PPA)
should be worn. With which of the following drugs is it imperative to pay special attention to safe
handling?
-Ascorbic Acid
-Metoclopramide
-Sucralfate
-Vincristine
-Metronidazole - CORRECT ANSWER -Vincristine is a chemotheraputic agent and PPA including gloves,
gowns, and a face shield should be worn when using this drug. Ascorbic acid is Vitamin C and probably
poses minimal risk when handling. Metronidazole and sucralfate are not hazardous via handling.
An 11-year old male German shepherd dog with previously diagnosed dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)
presents to your clinic following a dog fight. The dog is significantly aggressive and resistant to handling.
What medication should NOT be used to sedate this patient?
-Dexmedetomidine
-Atropine
-Midazolam
-Butorphanol
,-Buprenorphine - CORRECT ANSWER -Dexmedetomidine should only be used in patients with normal
cardiac function as it can cause a significant reduction in cardiac output due to reduced heart rate. It
should be avoided whenever possible in patients that have compromised cardiac function. Butorphanol
and buprenorphine would be better options for sedation as these drugs would not have as much effect
on cardiac output and would provide some pain relief. Midazolam can be used to sedate the patient via
IM administration and, although it would not provide any pain control, it would allow for safer handling
of the patient. Atropine is not a sedative, but an anticholinergic used most commonly to increase heart
rate.
A Golden retriever ingests several tablespoons of antifreeze. This will cause the most damage to what
organ system?
-Cardiac
-Renal
-Hepatic
-Gastrointestinal
-Nervous - CORRECT ANSWER -Renal
Ethylene glycol (EG), the primary ingredient in antifreeze, causes damage to the renal system (kidneys).
EG causes damage to the renal tubular epithelium, causing build up of oxalate crystals in the renal
tubules and metabolic acidosis.
Which is safe to put in the ears if the tympanum may be ruptured?
-Chlorhexidine
-Gentamicin
-Neomycin
-0.9% NaCl - CORRECT ANSWER -Saline (0.9% sodium chloride) is considered safe.
,The others listed (especially aminoglycoside antibiotics) could potentially be ototoxic if the eardrum is
not intact.
Which of the following medications is commonly found over-the-counter (OTC)?
-Diphenhydramine
-Pimobendan
-Hydrocodone
-Doxycycline - CORRECT ANSWER -Diphenhydramine
The other name for diphenhydramine is Benadryl and can be found over-the-counter.
Hydrocodone is commonly used as a cough suppressant in veterinary medicine and is a controlled
substance requiring a prescription.
Doxycycline (an antibiotic) and Pimobendan (a heart medication) are by prescription only.
How many milliliters of 50% dextrose should be added to a 100 ml solution of Lactated Ringer's Solution
to make it 2.5%?
0.5 ml
5 ml
10 ml
1 ml
50 ml - CORRECT ANSWER -To answer this question, the following formula should be implemented:
, C(1)V(1) = C(2)V(2)
C is the concentration
V is the volume
C(1) =0.5
V(1) = x
C(2) = 0.025
V(2) = 100 ml
0.5x = 0.025(100)
x = 5 ml
5 ml of 50% dextrose should be added to 100 ml in order to make a 2.5% solution.
How many milliliters should be administered to a 100-kg patient that needs 50 mg of a 2.5% solution?
25 ml
125 ml
2 ml
2.5 ml - CORRECT ANSWER -Percent is equal to weight (in Grams) / 100 parts volume (in mLs)
(This is based on water since 1 mL weighs 1 Gram):
Example: A 3% solution: 3 Grams / 100 mL or 3000 mg / 100 mL or 30 mg/mL
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