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ASU BIO 340 Exam 1 Questions And Answers 100% Pass Selective breeding (artificial selection) - answerthe process of developing organisms with specific characteristics as chosen by the breeders Gregor Mendel () - answerAmateur botanist who published an explanation of hereditary transmission in ...

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©THEBRIGHT EXAM SOLUTIONS

11/8/2024 12:08 PM


ASU BIO 340 Exam 1 Questions And
Answers 100% Pass



Selective breeding (artificial selection) - answer✔the process of developing organisms with specific
characteristics as chosen by the breeders

Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) - answer✔Amateur botanist who published an explanation of hereditary
transmission in plants in 1866. Known for his pea-plant experiments and commonly referred to as the
"father of genetics"

modern genetics - answer✔the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics

bacterial transforming principle - answer✔an experiment proposed by Frederick Griffith in 1928 which
suggested that a "transforming principle" from a heat-killed virulent Pneumococcus strain can transform
a non-virulent strain into a pathogenic one.

Avery, McCarty, MacLeod (1944) - answer✔biological researchers who identified DNA as the likely
transforming principle in Griffith's experiment.

Hershey and Chase (1952) - answer✔concluded that the genetic material of the bacteriophage was DNA,
not protein.

Edwin Chargaff - answer✔Austrian biochemist who discovered that identical quantities of A and T, C and
G were present in DNA (developed the complementary base-pairing rule for DNA).

Frederick Griffith (1928) - answer✔British bacteriologist; the first person to show that hereditary
information could be transferred from one cell to another horizontally rather than vertically

genome - answer✔the complete set of genetic information carried by a species

vertical transmission - answer✔gene transmission between organisms without parental reproduction

horizontal transmission - answer✔gene transmission from parents to their offspring through
reproduction (aka person-to-person)

DNA replication - answer✔the process in which DNA makes a duplicate copy of itself.

transcription - answer✔synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template

, ©THEBRIGHT EXAM SOLUTIONS

11/8/2024 12:08 PM

mRNA (messenger RNA) - answer✔a single-stranded RNA molecule that encodes the information to
make a protein

hereditary material - answer✔the information which is passed from one cellular generation to the next
(encoded in DNA in humans).

Pauling and Corey (1951) - answer✔biological researchers who provided the basis for research on DNA
structure (proposed an alpha helix model as a structure for nucleic acid)

Watson and Crick (1953) - answer✔the two scientists who discovered the structure and shape of DNA

nucleotide - answer✔a building block of DNA, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a
nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.

genes - answer✔DNA segments that serve as the key functional units in hereditary transmission.

chromosomes - answer✔a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most
living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

nucleoid - answer✔a dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell.

diploid - answer✔containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent (2n)

haploid - answer✔an organism or cell having only one complete set of chromosomes (n)

gametes - answer✔human sex cells containing one set of 23 chromosomes

homologous chromosomes - answer✔matched pairs of chromosomes in a diploid organism

Chargaff's Rule - answer✔A=T and C=G

locus - answer✔position of a gene on a chromosome

Meselson and Stahl (1958) - answer✔Bacterial cells were grown in a heavy isotope of nitrogen, 15N

All the DNA incorporated 15N

Cells were switched to media containing lighter 14N

DNA was extracted from the cells at various time intervals

central dogma - answer✔theory that states that, in cells, information only flows from DNA to RNA to
proteins

translation - answer✔decoding of a mRNA message into a polypeptide chain

initiation of translation - answer✔mRNA is attached to a subunit of the ribosome, the first codon is
always AUG

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