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ACBS 400B Exam 1 with verified answers graded A+
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ACBS 400B Exam 1 with verified answers graded A+
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ACBS 400B Exam 1 with verifiedanswers graded A+
A 3-year-old gelding named cat thief has just won the Kentucky derby. a venous blood sample drawn
from the jugular vein within 5 min of completion of the race would show that the hemoglobin and
hematocrit have: - correct answer ✔✔Both increased by 50 percent. in the horse and dog, the spleen
acts as a reservoir for erythrocytes. blood cells stored in the spleen can be mobilized into the circulation
when there is an increased demand. the release of stored erythrocytes from the spleen into the systemic
circulation is under the influence of the sympathetic nervous system and circulating catecholamines
a quarter horse named shoot yeah has a heart rate of 30 bpm at rest and a stroke volume of 1 L per beat.
during exercise, the heart rate increases to 220 and the stroke volume increases to 1.3 L per beat. What
is the cardiac output at rest and during exercise? - correct answer ✔✔the cardiac output is the product
of heart rate and stroke volume. at rest, the cardiac output would be 30 bpm x 1 L/beat = 30 L/min.
during exercise, the cardiac output would be 220 bpm x 1.3 L/beat = 286 L/min
what arrhythmia is common in the racehorse at rest, but disappears during exercise? - correct answer
✔✔second degree av block. the most common rhythm irregularity observed in horses at rest. it is
clinically recognizable by the appearance of missed ventricular beats. in the majority of cases, the atrial
or fourth heart sound can be heard. in most horses with partial av block at rest, the missed beats
disappear with exercise and do not recur until heart rate again approaches a resting rate
if you were asked to conduct an endoscopic survey of exercise induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH) in
thoroughbred racehorses at a race track near you, what would you anticipate the incidence to be? -
correct answer ✔✔50-70%. the diagnosis of EIPH is usually confirmed by endoscope observation of
blood in the tracheobronchial airways within 30 to 90 min after the completion of exercise. endoscopic
surveys have demonstrated that EIPH occurs in a high percentage (50-70) of horses. tracheal lavage has
been used to detect EIPH by determining the presence of hemosiderophages in the aspirated fluid. BAL
atudies suggest that hemorrhage occurs in all thoroughbred horses
what about the role of cardiac preload in the progression of heart failure are correct? - correct answer
✔✔in the earliest stages of heart failure the frank-starling relationship between stroke volume and
preload plays an important role to sustain stroke volume. in the later stages of heart failure, ventricular
overdistention reduces stroke volume. this leads to systemic hypotension and further renal retention of
salt and water, becoming a deleterious positive feedback loop.
, a dog presents for evaluation of weakness during exercise. on physical exam you note a systolic heart
murmer. cardiac ultrasonography indicates normal ventricular contractility but marked retrograde blood
flow across the left atrioventricular valve during systole. what mechanisms do you believe are causing
heart failure? - correct answer ✔✔excessive aferload, myocardial overdistention due to volume
overload, retrograde flow of blood cauding a reduction in stroke volume
which of the following disease conditions can increase stroke volume to produce a persistently elevated
systemic arterial blood pressure? - correct answer ✔✔chronic kidney disease, pheochromocytoma,
feline hyperthyroidism, cushing syndrome
how are the physiological determinants of arterial bp affected by the use of an ACE inhibitor in a
hypertensive animal? - correct answer ✔✔stroke volume is decreased, preload is reduced, total
peripheral vascular resistance and afterload are reduced, renal retention of salt and water is reduced
in a dog in the initial stage of hypovolemic shock (compensated circulatory shock) what observaions
might you make on thorough physical exam? - correct answer ✔✔tachycardia, weak arterial pulse, pale
mucous membranes, increased respiratory rate
an 8 year old poodle is presented with a grade v/vi holosystolic mitral valvular murmur and a history of
nocturnal coughing. the grade v.vi murmur is most likely: - correct answer ✔✔a very loud murmur.
murmurs are graded from i to vi with i being very faint
which of the following murmurs is not a systolic murmur - correct answer ✔✔mitral stenosis is a
diastolic murmur, rare in domestic animals, but common in humans
the bell of the stethoscope is used primarily to listen to which particular frequency sounds - correct
answer ✔✔the diaphragm accentuated higher frequency sounds and filters out low frequency sounds.
the bell is used to listen to low sounds such as the third and fourth heart sounds
you examine a 7 year old cocker spaniel and find evidence of a systolic murmur, pulmonary edema, left
ventricular hypertrophy and exercise intolerance - correct answer ✔✔mitral insufficiency causes an
increase in left atrial pressure and an increase in pulmonary artery pressure which leads to edema. the
volume workload of the left ventricle also increases leading to left ventricular hypertrophy
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