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BIOL 101 Exam 1 Exam Questions and Answers Latest Update
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BIOL 101 Exam 1 Exam Questions and Answers Latest Update
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BIOL 101 Exam 1 Exam Questions andAnswers Latest Update
theory - Answer-a general set of principles (supported by evidence) that explains some
aspect of nature; never PROVEN true
scientific method - Answer-a systematic process through which scientists formulate
hypotheses and make conclusions about the natural world
observation--> question--> hypothesis-->
experiment--> conlcusion
hypothesis - Answer-a tentative, testable explanation that is tested via observation or an
experiment; must be falsifiable
falsifiable - Answer-able to be proven false; testable
> ex. a hypothesis that is not shown to occur in an experiment is falsified
biology - Answer-the study of life and living things
characteristics of life - Answer-all living things must...
1. use energy
2. respond to environment
3. maintain a stable internal environment (homeostasis)
4. reproduce
5. possess inherited genetic information (DNA)
6. be made of 1 or more cells
7. be evolved from other living things
8. be highly organized (compared to nonliving objects)
high organization (hierarchy) - Answer-life is highly organized into a categorical
hierarchy
> ex. atom--> molecule--> organelle--> cell--> tissue-->
organ--> organ system--> organism--> population-->
community--> ecosystem--> biosphere
reproduction - Answer-an organism's ability to pass on its genetic information to
offspring; i.e. "making more of yourself"
cell - Answer-the smallest unit of life
cell theory - Answer-1. cells are the basic unit of life
2. all living things are made up of cells
3. cells can only come from preexisting cells
, DNA - Answer-deoxyribonucleic acid; a complex molecule used to transmit genetic
information from one generation to the next
homeostasis - Answer-the tendency of living things to maintain a relatively stable
internal environment
> ex. shivering when cold to warm yourself back up, throwing up after eating bad food to
make sure you're not poisoned/injured
evolution - Answer-Charles Darwin's idea that a species adaptively changes over time;
a central theme of biology
provisional assent - Answer-every scientific assertion (whether it's a hypothesis or
theory) is subject to revision/change in the future
spontaneous generation - Answer-the belief that life can arise from nonliving material
> ex. maggots are "born" from rotting meat
Louis Pasteur - Answer-French scientist who used a series of experiments to prove the
idea of spontaneous generation is false; i.e. life cannot magically arise from non life
atom - Answer-fundamental building blocks of matter; made up of protons, neutrons,
and electrons
proton - Answer-subatomic particle with a positive (+) charge, located in the nucleus,
mass = 1 amu
neutron - Answer-subatomic particle with no charge, located in the nucleus, mass = 1
amu
valence electrons - Answer-the number of electrons located in an atom's outermost
(valence) electron shell; determines that atom's chemical properties/bonding patterns
element - Answer-a substance made of only one type of atom, defined by its atomic
number (number of protons); CANNOT be further broken down into simpler parts
electron - Answer-subatomic particle with a negative (-) charge, located in outer shell
within orbitals, no real mass
octet rule - Answer-all atoms attempt to fill their valence electron shell fully
(2 electrons in first shell, 8 electrons in all other shells)
isotope - Answer-atoms of the same element that differ in their number of neutrons
(thus, no charge difference)
> ex. C12, C13, C14 (isotopes of carbon)
hydrogen - Answer-the simplest element, contains 1 proton, 1 electron, and no neutrons
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