Which assessment finding is associated with obstructive lung disease?
- Cough
- Dyspnea
- Barrel Chest
- Reduced Gas Exchange
- Barrel Chest
Interstitial lung diseases are restrictive, not obstructive, so they do not cause barrel
chest, which is the result of air trapping. Both types of pulmonary disease cause cough,
dyspnea, and reduced gas exchange.
Which chemical is responsible for a prolonged inflammatory response, leading to
airway obstruction?
- Kinins
- Heparin
- Histamine
- Leukotriene
- Leukotriene
Leukotriene is a slow-acting chemical that is released slowly, causing a prolonged
,inflammatory response. Kinins dilate arterioles and increase capillary permeability.
Heparin inhibits blood and protein clotting. Histamine starts immediate inflammatory
response by constricting small veins, inhibiting blood flow, and decreasing the venous
return.
The nurse is assisting a patient who has severe emphysema with meal and snack
choices for the next day. Which selection is appropriate for this patient?
- Bean soup and crackers
- Apple slices with caramel dip
- Ice cream with fudge topping
- Salted peanuts and string cheese
- Ice cream with fudge topping
High-calorie, high-protein meals are recommended to prevent weight loss in patients
with severe lung disease. Ice cream is the best snack of those listed. Apple slices are
low-calorie and low in protein as well. Gas-producing foods such as beans can cause
abdominal bloating. Salted peanuts are dry and can induce coughing.
Which statements are correct regarding the drug management of asthma? SATA
- Anti-inflammatory medications are used to cause bronchodilation.
-Long-acting beta agonists are indicated to relieve acute attack symptoms.
- Reliever medications are used to stop an asthma attack once it has started.
- Control therapy medications are used to prevent asthma attacks from occurring.
- Control therapy medications are used to reduce airway responsiveness.
,- Reliever medications are used to stop an asthma attack once it has started.
- Control therapy medications are used to prevent asthma attacks from occurring.
- Control therapy medications are used to reduce airway responsiveness.
Control (preventative) therapy is used to reduce airway responsiveness to prevent the
occurrence of asthma attacks. This therapy is used every day, regardless of symptoms.
Reliever drugs are indicated when symptoms of an attack occur to decrease the
duration and severity of the attack. Long-acting beta agonists do not act quickly enough
to relieve acute symptoms; they are indicated for their long-term impact on symptoms.
Anti-inflammatory drugs decrease inflammation and can be beneficial in the treatment of
asthma; however, they do not cause bronchodilation.
What two assessment findings are changes secondary to (COPD)?
- Emphysema and bronchitis
- Wheezing and excess mucus
- Barrel chest and finger clubbing
- Lung crackles and finger clubbing
- Barrel chest and finger clubbing
With a barrel chest, the ratio between the anteroposterior diameter of the chest and its
lateral diameter is 2:2, rather than the normal ratio of 1:1.5. This shape change results
from lung overinflation and diaphragm flattening. Finger clubbing is an indication of
decreased arterial oxygen levels seen in COPD. Wheezing is likely to be present during
an asthma attack and airway obstruction but would more likely be of limited duration.
, Excess mucus would be indicative of inflammation. Crackles in the lungs would indicate
the air moving through mucus/fluid in the airways; this would potentially clear with
pulmonary hygiene. Emphysema and bronchitis are two diseases under the COPD
umbrella.
A patient with (COPD) reports having off-and-on symptoms of dyspnea,
coughing, and sputum production. The patient's FEV1/FVC is 65% of predicted
value and the FEV1 is 55% predicted value. Which level of COPD severity does
this patient have.
- I - mild
- II - moderate
- III - severe
- IV - very severe
- II - moderate
The patient has intermittent symptoms and has FEV1/FVC of less than 70% of
predicted value and an FEV1 between 50% and 80% of predicted value, which means
the patient has moderate COPD. Patients with mild COPD do not have dyspnea.
Patients with severe COPD have an FEV1 between 30% and 50% of predicted value
with persistent symptoms. Patients with very severe COPD have an FEV1 less than
30% or less than 50% of predicted value with respiratory failure along with more severe
symptoms.
What is the most important reason for ordering inhaled, rather than oral,
corticosteroids for patients with asthma?
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