©THEBRIGHT EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/8/2024 12:08 PM
HE210 Test 1 Questions And Answers 100%
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What is Health?? - answer✔"Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and
not merely the absence of disease or infirmity." It was adopted in 1946 and has not been amended since
1948 (WHO, 1948, p. 100). Many subsequent definitions have taken an equally broad view of health,
including: A state characterized by anatomical, physiological and psychological integrity; ability to
perform personally valued family, work, and community roles; ability to deal with physical, biological,
psychological and social stress; a feeling of well-being; and freedom from the risk of disease and
untimely death.
Determinants of Health - answer✔Genetic Inheritance, Physical Environment, Social Environment, and
Health Behavior.
Health Care as a Determinant of Health - answer✔Primary, tertiary, and secondary care. PRIMARY is
PREVENTING. Health care is concerning with Secondary and Tertiary. Secondary prevention is concerned
with reducing the burden of existing disease after it has developed; early detection is emphasized.
Secondary prevention activities are intended to identify the existence of disease early so treatments
that might not be as effective when applied later can be of benefit. Tertiary prevention focuses on the
optimum treatment of clinically apparent, clearly identified disease so as to reduce the incidence of later
complications to the greatest possible degree. In cases where disease has been associated with adverse
effects, tertiary prevention involves rehabilitation and limitation of disability. The health care system is
less spent on primary care.
The Population Served - answer✔12.6% was Black or African American, 4.8% was Asian, and 10.2% was
some other race, or two or more races. About 16% of the population was of Hispanic or Latino origin. As
a percentage of total population, every racial and ethnic group increased between 2000 and 2010
except for non-Hispanic Whites
There is also a broad range of social classes with large income differentials that are becoming wider over
time Unfortunately, the United States has the greatest disparity between the rich and poor of all the
Western European countries and Japan These disparities add to the complexity and fragmentation of
the U.S. health care system through effects such as differential care, payment issues, cost sharing, and
access problems. Age structure also affects the U.S. health care system. The population forecast for the
year 2020 undoubtedly foreshadows major changes on the system, as the baby boomer generation
ages. As a result, health care consumption patterns that have remained fairly constant over time will
, ©THEBRIGHT EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/8/2024 12:08 PM
move more unevenly in the direction of elderly care. Physicians will need to spend more time providing
services for the elderly, increasing from 32% of patient care hours in 2000 to 39% in 2020
U.S. Health Care System - answer✔The five components of health care systems— facilities, workforce,
suppliers of medical products, educational and research organizations, and financing mechanisms— are
organized to provide health services. In every system, there is some kind of organizational structure that
enables the system's components to interact and function to produce health services for the people.
Typically this requires organizations that function as health care payers, health care providers, health
care policy makers, or some combination of these. These organizations or entities may be governmental
health authorities and other agencies of government with health care functions (government sector),
private, nonprofit health care organizations, which includes the voluntary health care agencies and
professional associations, or private, for-profit enterprises with health care functions.
Components of the U.S. Health Care System - answer✔The five main major components are: Facilities,
workforce, training and research, suppliers of medical products, and financing.
As the physicians have shifted to joining larger organizations, ambulatory care, or care provided to
patients not expected to sleep at an institution, has shifted to standalone (but hospital-owned)
physician practices, ambulatory clinics that are part of hospital facilities, Federally Qualified Health
Centers (FQHC), and community mental health centers. The other major class of institutions are those
housing and caring for patients in bed, of which the hospital is the most familiar. Acute care hospitals
are also the largest single component of health care expenditures (see Chapter 5). Other inpatient
facilities include hospices, skilled nursing facilities and other nursing facilities, and intermediate care
facilities, including those for the mentally retarded (Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services [CMS],
2015). There are also disease-specific and other specialty hospitals.Health care and social assistance
consists of three subgroups: (a) hospitals; (b) health services like offices of health practitioners,
outpatient care centers, home health care services, other health care services, nursing care facilities,
residential care facilities; and (c) social assistance like individual and family services, community food
and housing, and emergency services, vocational rehabilitation services, and child day care services. The
health care and social assistance sector comprises establishments providing health care and social
assistance for individuals.
A variety of medical products, including equipment and pharmaceuticals, are required in the health care
system. They are generally categorized as prescription drugs, the largest of the categories; durable
medical equipment; and other nondurable medical
Organization of the U.S. Health Care System - answer✔There is not a single national structure for paying
for or operating the health care system. The federal government plays an important role, but the states
do, too. There is no single-payer system. Rather, the system is a mix of private and public organizations
providing, paying, and to varying extents setting policy for health care at every level of the system.
In the United States, each of the three levels of government— federal, state, and local— provides
leadership and governance directly and indirectly through the regulation of the delivery of health
