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L13 ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE EXAM QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
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L13 ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE EXAM QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS...
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L13 ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASEEXAM QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS
what are manifestations of ischemic heart disease AKA CAD? - ANSWER 1.
Stable angina,
2. acute coronary syndrome ACS.
3. CHF,
4. silent ischemia,
5. sudden cardiac death.
what is stable angina? - ANSWER - due to *fixed* coronary lesion,
- leads to mismatch of myocardial metabolic O2 supply and demand.
- increases cardiac workload
what spectrum of conditions does ACS include? - ANSWER unstable angina
leading to:
ST elevation M.I. (STEMI).
non-ST elevation M.I. (NSTEMI)
what is the chain of events leading to an MI? - ANSWER acute event: rupture
of plaque leading to thrombogenic surface within blood vessel -->
platelet aggregation/fibrin formation -->
limited blood flow -->
mismatch O2 supply/demand -->
*tissue ischemia (unstable angina) -->
tissue necrosis (MI)*
Acute coronary syndrome has a grading system. What is class I? - ANSWER
angina occurs only with strenuous activity.
what is class II ACS? - ANSWER angina occurs only with moderate activity
walking 2 blocks or more than 1 flight of stairs
, what is class III ACS? - ANSWER angina occurs with mild activity like
climbing less than a flight of stairs or less than 2 blocks.
what is class IV ACS? - ANSWER occurs with any activity and may occur at
rest/
what does IHD/Coronary artery disease predispose a patient to? - ANSWER
heart failure,
cardiac arrhythmias (b/c region controlling rhythm affected),
sudden cardiac death
what is unstable angina? - ANSWER -rapid increase in coronary stenosis,
without complete occlusion.
- ACS between stable angina and MI.
when is chest pain evident with unstable angina? - ANSWER -* at rest,*
- on effort with *change in previous pattern*, variant.
-*NEW ONSET* becoming severe within 1-2 months after starting.
-previous stable angina *changes* to severe.**
is unstable angina associated with myocardial necrosis? - ANSWER may or
may not.
but they are at definite impending risk. worst case scenario of unstable angina
what are 10 risk factors for IHD/CAD? - ANSWER 1. Age: over 65.
2. Gender: male>female.
3.Smoking, (toxins damage vessel walls)
4. HTN, (damages vessels where LDLs can accumulate)
5. Family hx (1st degree, premature CAD <55 males or <65 females).
6. DM. (glycosylation of vessels stiffens and damages them)
7. obesity.
8. sedentary.
9. Lipids: dyslipidemia. (high chol).
10. inflammation (chronic infection, elevated CRP)
(AS GOLDFISH)
what is the etiology/ 6 causes of IHD/CAD? - ANSWER 1. *most common:
atherosclerosis.*
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