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ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025/2026
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ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE EXAM QUESTIONS ANDANSWERS 2025/2026
What is ischemia?
An inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body, especially the heart
What are the causes of IHD?
1. Coronary artery disease (CAD)
2. Microvascular angina
3. Coronary vasospasm
4. Prinzmental's angina
This is characterized by atherosclerotic plaques in the epicardial vessels. It is
also the leading cause of IHD.
a.) Coronary artery disease (CAD)
b.) Microvascular angina
c.) Coronary vasospasm
d.) Prinzmental's angina
a.) Coronary artery disease (CAD)
This is characterized by an increase in coronary vascular tone in either normal
or diseased vessels
a.) Coronary artery disease (CAD)
b.) Microvascular angina
c.) Coronary vasospasm
d.) Prinzmental's angina
c.) Coronary vasospasm
This is characterized by atherosclerosis of endocardial vessels, more common in
women and those with metabolic syndrome
a.) Coronary artery disease (CAD)
b.) Microvascular angina
c.) Coronary vasospasm
d.) Prinzmental's angina
b.) Microvascular angina
This is characterized by vasospastic angina not caused by atherosclerosis (no
flow-obstructing plaque in coronary arteries)
a.) Coronary artery disease (CAD)
, b.) Microvascular angina
c.) Coronary vasospasm
d.) Prinzmetal's angina
d.) Prinzmetal's angina
type of variant angina
Image of ACS
What causes angina pectoris?
An imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand
this is the first step in the CAD continuum
These are the major determinants of myocardial oxygen demand
1. Heart rate
2. Myocardial contractility
3. Intramyocardial wall tension
Image demonstrating oxygen supply and demand
Patients with this know the amount of exertion needed to induce ishemia
Fixed angina threshold
On a day-to-day basis, patients with this do not know the amount of exertion
needed to illicit chest pain because it differs
Variable-threshold angina
transient vasospasm superimposed at site of obstructing plaque causing
decreased oxygen supply
Exposure to these three things may lower anginal threshold
1. Cold temperature
2. Emotion
3. Mental stress
What causes Prinzametal's angina?
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