FTCE Professional Education Test Questions and Correct Answers the Latest Update
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Course
FTCE
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FTCE
Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development
The theory that holds moral reasoning, the basis for ethical behavior, has six identifiable
developmental stages, each more adequate at responding to moral dilemmas than its
predecessor.
Kohlberg's Levels
Level 1. Preconventional Morality
Level 11....
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FTCE Professional Education Test Questions
and Correct Answers the Latest Update
Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development
✓ The theory that holds moral reasoning, the basis for ethical behavior, has six identifiable
developmental stages, each more adequate at responding to moral dilemmas than its
predecessor.
Kohlberg's Levels
✓ Level 1. Preconventional Morality
✓ Level 11. Convetional Morality
✓ Level 111. Postconvetional Morality
Kohlberg's 6 Stages
✓ Stage 1. Obedience and Punishment Orientation
✓ Stage 2. Individualism and Exchange
✓ Stage 3. Good Interpersonal Relationships
✓ Stage 4. Maintaining the Social Order
✓ Stage 5. Social Contract and Individual Rights
✓ Stage 6. Universal Principles
Stage 1. Obedience and Punishment Orientation
✓ The child usually responds in terms of the consequences involved, explaining that stealing
is bad "because you'll get punished." See morality as something external to themselves, as
that which the big people say they must do.
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Stage 2. Individualism and Exchange
✓ Children recognize that there is not just one right view that is handed down by authorities.
Different individuals have different viewpoints. Punishment is simply a risk that one
naturally wants to avoid.
Stage 3. Good Interpersonal Relationships
✓ Children entering their teens see morality as more than simple deals. They believe that
people should live up to the expectations of the family and community and behave in
"good" ways.
Stage 4. Maintaining the Social Order
✓ The respondent becomes more broadly concerned with society as a whole. Emphasis is on
obeying laws, respecting authority, and performing one's duties so that the social order is
maintained.
Stage 5. Social Contract and Individual Rights
✓ People begin to ask, "What makes for a good society?" They begin to think about society
in a very theoretical way, stepping back from their own society and considering the rights
and values that a society ought to be uphold.
Stage 6. Universal Principles
✓ Protect certain individual rights and settle disputes through democratic processes.
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✓ 1. Sensorimotor: (birth to about age 2)
✓ 2. Preoperational: ( begins about the time the child starts to talk to about age 7)
✓ 3. Concrete: ( about first grade to early adolescence)
✓ 4. Formal Operations (adolescence)
Sensorimotor: (birth to about age 2)
✓ Child learns about himself and his environment through motor and and reflex actions.
Thought derives from sensation and movement. Learns that he is separate from his
environment and that aspects of his environment--his parents or favorite toy-- continue to
exist even though they may be outside the reach of his senses.
Teaching Children at the Sensorimotor Stage
✓ Should be geared to the sensor motor system. You can modify behavior by using the
senses: a frown, a stern, or soothing voice.
Preoperational: ( begins about the time the child starts to talk to about age 7)
✓ Child begins to use symbols to represent objects and also personifies objects. Better able
to think about things and events that aren't immediately present. Oriented to the present,
the child has difficulty conceptualizing time. Thinking is influenced by fantasy--the way
would like things to be--and he assumes that others see situations from his viewpoint. They
take in information and then change it in their mind to fit their ideas
Teaching Children at the Preoperational Stage
✓ Must take into account the child's vivid fantasies and undeveloped sense of time. Using
neutral words, body outlines and equipment a child can touch gives him an active role in
learning.
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Concrete: (about first grade to early adolescence)
✓ Accommodation increases. The child develops an ability to think abstractly and to make
rational judgements about concrete or observable phenomena, which in past he needed to
manipulate physically to understand,
Teaching Children at the Concrete Stage
✓ Giving him the opportunity to ask questions and to explain things back to you allows them
to mentally manipulate information.
Formal Operations (adolescence)
✓ Brings cognition to its final form. This person no longer requires concrete objects to make
rational judgements. In their point, they are capable of hypothetical and deductive
reasoning.
Teaching Children at the Formal Operations Stage
✓ Maybe wide-ranging because he'll be able to consider many possibilities from several
perspectives.
Piaget
✓ Viewed cognitive development from biological perspective. Proposed that two major
principles operate in intellectual growth and development: adaption and organization.
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