ANT 2000 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS PASS GUARANTEED LATEST UPDATE
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ANT 2000
ANT 2000 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS PASS GUARANTEED LATEST UPDATE
Mendel's laws presume that is unit of inheritance is ______ and ______ as it is passed from parent to offspring/ - Answer- Discrete; stable
Mendel could not directly perceive the "factors" but the results he observed we...
ANT 2000 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS PASS GUARANTEED
LATEST UPDATE
Mendel's laws presume that is unit of inheritance is ______ and ______ as it is passed
from parent to offspring/ - Answer- Discrete; stable
Mendel could not directly perceive the "factors" but the results he observed were
consistent with the existence of such ______ hereditary factors (now called "genes") -
Answer- Discrete
True or False: Darwin's attempts to understand inheritance as a blended contribution
from both parents could not explain how variation was maintained in a population (even
though the existence of variation was a critical part of his model of evolution). - Answer-
True
True or False: Darwin's dilemma was solved by Gregor Mendel who proposed that that
inheritance was controlled by "hereditary factors" (today called genes) that are discrete
and stable (not blended) as they pass from parent to offspring. - Answer- True
True or False: Mendel started his research by looking at the inheritance of a single trait
(e.g. seed shape) in the garden pea plant. He hand pollinated 27,000 plants and kept
careful records of what he observed. Although he could not directly perceive what
controlled seed shape, he developed a model of what would create the results that he
observed. Then he tested his model by repeating his breeding experiments with new
plants and later with new traits (e.g. seed color, flower color). The results supported the
conclusion that his model was correct. - Answer- True
Paleontology and fossils are used to support an ___________ perspective. - Answer-
Evolutionary
What do paleontologists do? - Answer- -Look at traits in fossils
-Use successive change in traits to reconstruct ancestor-descendant relationships
among fossil species separated by large intervals of time (often millions of years)
What three botanists independently rediscovered Mendel's work? - Answer- Hugo
DeVries (Netherlands), Carl Correns (Germany) and Erich von Tschermark (Austria)
What did the botanists do with Mendel's work? - Answer- Promoted understanding of
Mendelian laws of inheritance among scientists
,____ offspring have combinations of traits (not seen in the parental generation) -
Answer- F2
The ______ of science is demonstrated y examining the same phenomenon at different
levels of analysis. - Answer- Unity
Science is ________... meaning a scientifically-derived model of inheritance that fits the
evidence enables other scientists to extend the meaning derived from new
observations. - Answer- Generative
Walter Sutton - Answer- -Studied spermatogenesis in a Kansas grasshopper
(Brachystola magna) at Columbia University
What did Walter Sutton conclude in 1902, 1903? - Answer- Mendel's discrete units
("genes") reside on the chromosomes found in the nucleus of the cell
What did Thomas Hunt Morgan do? - Answer- Developed chromosomal theory of
inheritance... genes strung on chromosomes, won 1933 Nobel Prize
Mendel's Laws of Segregation & Independent Assortment can be seen by following
what happens to the chromosomes visible during _________________________.
(when sex cells are dividing and producing mature gametes) - Answer- The active
phase of the cell cycle
Living organisms are composed of ______. - Answer- Cells
Cell - Answer- The basic unit of structure and function in living things
Schlieden and Schwann (1938) - Answer- Developed the cell theory
What are chromosomes? - Answer- Chromosomes are long, thin strings of genetic
material made of DNA and proteins.
Every organism has a species-typical number of ___________ which exist as
____________ pairs in somatic cells and immature sex cells. - Answer- Chromosomes;
homologous
During _________ chromosomes become visible and line up as homologous pairs. -
Answer- Meiosis
As chromosome pairs _______, anything riding on these chromosomes will also
________. - Answer- separate; separate
What Mendel _______ is what Sutton _____. - Answer- proposed; saw
,Chromosomes are composed of very long molecules of ______. - Answer- DNA
Watson and Crick - Answer- 1953: Nature article on structure of DNA
1957: (Crick) DNA -> RNA -> protein; codons; genetic code
1962: Nobel Prize to Watson, Crick, and Wilkins
__________ are the constituents units of the DNA molecule - Answer- Nucleotides
_______ form the rungs of a "ladder" in DNA. - Answer- Bases
_______/_______ molecules form the "rails" in DNA. - Answer- Sugar/phosphate
What shape is DNA? - Answer- double helix (twisted ladder)
A nucleotide is made up of... - Answer- phosphate, sugar, base
DNA molecules _________ and continuously produce new molecules of DNA/ -
Answer- Replicate
The code for producing all the ________ of an organism can be found in the DNA of
that organism - Answer- proteins
1957 Francis Crick proposed that... - Answer- The principle function of DNA was to
code for protein
A protein is made up of a long chain of ________ ______. - Answer- amino acids
How many amino acids are there? - Answer- 20
Proteins can be ______ or ______. - Answer- structural or functional
DNA replication - Answer- DNA unzips into two parts and splits with the cell. In it's new
home each side of the DNA strand attack to matching nucleotides to create 2 exact
copies
Transcription - Answer- synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template
Translation - Answer- Process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is produced
In the ________, the sequence of bases on mRNA is translated into a sequence of
amino acids...the primary structure of a protein - Answer- Cytoplasm
What are codons? - Answer- They are mRNA triplets that code for an amino acid.
What are anti-codons? - Answer- 3 nucleotides in tRNA that identify the amino acid
being carries, it binds to the complementary codon in mRNA
, The Central Dogma - Answer- theory that states that, in cells, information only flows
from DNA to RNA to proteins
Genetic code - Answer- collection of codons of mRNA, each of which directs the
incorporation of a particular amino acid into a protein during protein synthesis
Understanding inheritance at multiple levels of analysis gives us a new way (a more
precise way) to... - Answer- Compare species
Hemoglobin - Answer- -Protein made of many amino acids
-The sequence of amino acids is genetically coded by DNA
-Function to carry oxygen and other compounds
The amino acid sequence of the protein hemoglobin shows that ________ and rhesus
monkeys shared a common ancestor more recently than rhesus monkeys and _______
did. - Answer- Humans; horses
Comparing protein primary structure is a more precise way to compare _________
____ ________between species...to understand how recently two species shared a
common ancestor - Answer- degree of similarity
What is anthropology? - Answer- The study of humans
What does the Greek word "anthropos" mean? - Answer- Human
What does the Greek word "logos" mean? - Answer- word (study of)
What are 5 reasons why Anthropology is different from other disciplines? - Answer- (1)
Temporal depth (2) geographic breadth (3) holism (4) comparison (5) concepts: culture,
evolution
Anthropology is... (3 things) - Answer- 1. A science
2. A social science
3. A humanity
Science is a ______. - Answer- -Procedure for arriving at conclusions
-An established accumulation derived from the above procedure
What is an observation? - Answer- Data collection via explicit techniques
What is a hypothesis? - Answer- Generalization, tentative explanation (rejected or
tentatively accepted)
What is testing? - Answer- Verification
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