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MCPHS A&P 1 - Exam 1 with Complete Solutions
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MCPHS A&P 1 - Exam 1 with Complete Solutions
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MCPHS A&P 1 - Exam 1 with CompleteSolutions
Papillary Layer of Dermis Correct Ans-Superficial 1/5; areolar with lots of elastic fibers,
dermal papillae, capillary beds; friction ridges form fingerprints; whorls of ridges; touch
receptors (Meisner, Pacinian and Ruffini), free nerve endings sense pain
Reticular Layer of Dermis Correct Ans-Deep 4/5; dense irregular CT, collagen, and elastic
fibers; some adipose, hair follicles, nerves, oil glands, ducts of seat glands, and heat sensors
Cleavage Lines (Tension Lines) Correct Ans-Elastic and collagen fibers oriented in some
directions more than others; important in surgery (parallel lines = less gapping, faster healing,
less scar tissue); if skin is overstretched, stretch marks occur
Accessory Skin Structure: Hair Correct Ans-Found everywhere except palms, soles, lips,
nipples, parts of external genitalia, and distal segments of fingers and toes; has a shaft and root; 3
concentric layers: medulla, cortex, and cuticle
Hair Shaft Correct Ans-Protrudes above skin surface
Hair Root Correct Ans-Located below surface; base of root is the hair bulb
Medulla Layer of Hair Correct Ans-Central axis: innermost cells that shrivel up and become
separated by air spaces
,Cortex Layer of Hair Correct Ans-Forms the bulk of hair; middle layer consisting of
keratinized cells; injected with melanin
Cuticle Layer of Hair Correct Ans-Forms the hair surface; outermost layer of flattened
keratinized cells that appear scaly
Hair Follicle Correct Ans-Contains a dermal and epithelial root sheath and a hair bulb
Dermal Root Sheath of Hair Correct Ans-Part of dermis that surrounds the epithelial root
sheath
Epithelial Root Sheath Correct Ans-Has internal and external part; internal contains Stratum
Basale that may remain after injury and supply a source of new epidermis; when hair is pulled
out the internal part comes out too and is visible as a white bulb
Hair Bulb Correct Ans-Internal matrix is source of hair; dermis projects into bulb as hair
papilla, serves as blood supply; the thickened, club-shaped structure that forms the lower part of
the hair root.
Hair Growth Correct Ans-Grows in a cycle of growth stage followed by resting stage; regular
hair loss means hair is being replaced; permanent hair loss typically seen in pattern baldness
Growth Stage Correct Ans-Cells added at base and hair elongates
,Resting Stage Correct Ans-Follicle shortens and holds hair in place: rest, then hair falls out of
follicle; new hair begins
Hair Color Correct Ans-Caused by varying amounts and types of melanin; melanin can be
black-brown and red
Arrector Pili Correct Ans-Type of smooth muscle; muscular contraction causes hair to "stand
on end"; skin pushes up by movement of hair follicle
Vellus Hair Correct Ans-Also known as lanugo hair; short, fine, unpigmented downy hair that
appears on the body, with the exception of the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet.
Terminal Hair Correct Ans-Long, coarse, pigmented hair found on the scalp, legs, arms, and
bodies of males and females.
Accessory Skin Structures: Glands Correct Ans-Organs or tissues in the body that create
chemicals that control many of our bodily functions; Includes sebaceous, sweat (sudoriferous),
eccrine (merocrine), apocrine, ceruminous, and mammary glands
Sebaceous Glands Correct Ans-Holocrine (death of secretory glands), oily secretion, prevents
drying and may inhibit bacteria, most empty into hair follicle (exceptions: lips, meibomian
glands of eyelids, and genitalia)
, Sweat (Sudoriferous) Glands Correct Ans-2 types: eccrine (merocrine) and apocrine, but
apocrine may secrete in merocrine or holocrine fashion
Eccrine (Merocrine) Glands Correct Ans-Most common; simple coiled tubular glands; open
directly onto surface of skin; have own pores; coiled part in dermis, ducts exiting through
epidermis; produce isotonic fluid (sweat) containing mostly water and some wastes; numerous in
palms and soles
Apocrine Glands Correct Ans-Active at puberty; compound coiled tubular, usually open into
hair follicles; superficial opening of sebaceous gland; secretion of organic compounds that are
odorless, but when acted upon by bacteria, may become odiferous; found in axillae (external
labia, scrotum) and around anus
Ceruminous Glands Correct Ans-Modified merocrine sweat glands, external auditory meatus;
earwax (cerumen) is composed of a combination of sebum and secretion from ceruminous;
function is in combination with hairs to prevent dirt and insects from entry, also to keep eardrum
supple
Mammary Glands Correct Ans-Modified apocrine sweat glands that produce milk
Accessory Skin Structure: Nails Correct Ans-Grow continuously unlike hair (fingernails grow
faster than toenails at about 0.5-1.2 mm/day); has a nail body, eponychium/cuticle,
hyponychium; matrix/nail bed; and nail root
Nail Body Correct Ans-Stratum Corneum
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