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UNCG KIN 375 Exam 1 Questions And Answers Already Graded A+
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  • UNCG KIN 375
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  • UNCG KIN 375

Chapter 2 - ️️ᕦ(ò_óˇ)ᕤ Factors that regulate enzyme activity: - ️️- temperature - pH - substrate concentration - product inhibition - cofactors (cAMP, AMP, calcium, etc. can either activate or inhibit enzyme activity) Gain of a control system - ️️Degree to which a control s...

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  • November 12, 2024
  • 15
  • 2024/2025
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UNCG KIN 375 Exam 1
Chapter 2 - ✔️✔️ᕦ(ò_óˇ)ᕤ


Factors that regulate enzyme activity: - ✔️✔️- temperature
- pH
- substrate concentration
- product inhibition
- cofactors (cAMP, AMP, calcium, etc. can either activate or inhibit enzyme activity)


Gain of a control system - ✔️✔️Degree to which a control system maintains
homeostasis; a system with an appropriate gain is more capable of maintaining
homeostasis than a system w/ low gain


Simple biological control system components - ✔️✔️- stimulus
- sensor receptor (detects changes in variable)
- control center (assesses input & initiates a response if necessary)
- effector (tries to change internal environment back to normal)


Homeostasis - ✔️✔️Maintenance of a constant & normal internal environment

Steady-state - ✔️✔️Physiological variable is unchanging, but not necessarily "normal"

Graphs typically have: - ✔️✔️A shape & a direction
(+/- linear, +/- curvilinear, J-shaped, +/- hyperbolic, U-shaped, etc.)

Negative feedback - ✔️✔️A response that reverses the initial disturbance in
homeostasis (most control systems work via negative feedback)

Positive feedback - ✔️✔️Response that increases the original stimulus

Examples of positive feedback: - ✔️✔️- Ca2+ feed-forward mechanism (muscle
contraction)
- Sodium feed-forward mechanism (depolarization)
- Inflammation feed-forward mechanisms (chronic levels can lead to dysfunction &
disease)


Adaptation - ✔️✔️- Change in structure or function of cell or organ system
- Results should improve ability to maintain homeostasis

, Acclimation (short term) &
Acclimatization (long term) - ✔️✔️Adaptation to environmental stresses (heat/cold)

Cell signaling - ✔️✔️Communication between or within cells using messengers;
important for maintain homeostasis

Intracrine signaling - ✔️✔️Chemical messenger inside cell triggers response

Juxtacrine Signaling - ✔️✔️Chemical messenger passed between 2 connected cells

Autocrine signaling - ✔️✔️Chemical messenger acts on that same cell (self)

Paracrine signaling - ✔️✔️Chemical messengers act on nearby cells

Endocrine signaling - ✔️✔️Chemical messengers released into blood to affect cells w/
specific receptors to the hormone

Stress proteins - ✔️✔️Synthesized in cells when homeostasis is disrupted (ex. Heat
shock proteins - HSP)

Heat Shock Proteins (HSP) - ✔️✔️- Repair damaged proteins in cells
- Act as chaperones to protect & repair proteins

Exercise-induced protein synthesis - ✔️✔️Improves ability of cells to maintain
homeostasis

Resistance & Endurance exercise - ✔️✔️Promotes different cell signaling pathways

Cell signaling - ✔️✔️Refers to a system of communication between cells that
coordinate cellular activities

Major cell signaling mechanisms - ✔️✔️Intracrine, Juxtacrine, Autocrine, Paracrine,
Endocrine

Chapter 3 - ✔️✔️ಥ_ಥ

Anabolic reactions - ✔️✔️The synthesis of molecules

Catabolic reactions - ✔️✔️Breakdown of molecules

Bioenergetics - ✔️✔️The process of converting foodstuffs (fats, proteins, carbs) into
useable energy for cell work

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