PRAXIS: Principles K-12 (5625) Exam Study
Guide
Theoretical Foundations on how students learn - answer1. know how knowledge is
constructed
2. know a variety of means by which skills are acquired
3. Understand a variety of cognitive processes and how they are developed
Bandura - answerSocial L...
Theoretical Foundations on how students learn - answer✔1. know how knowledge is
constructed
2. know a variety of means by which skills are acquired
3. Understand a variety of cognitive processes and how they are developed
Bandura - answer✔Social Learning Theory - emphasizes modeling or observational learning as a
powerful source of development and behavior modification
Four meditational processes
1. attention
2. retention
3. reproduction
4. motivation
what are the four sources of influence according to bandura? - answer✔1. mastery
experiences- solving problems on your own in game based creative learning
2. Vicarious experiences- observing others to successfully complete a task
3. Social persuasion
4. emotional states
Bruner - answer✔Constructivist theory- learning is an active process where learners construct
new ideas or concepts based on their current or past knowledge
The process of learning should go from concrete to abstract and should follow three steps
1. Hands on
2. Learning with images
What are the four major aspects instruction should cover according to bruner? - answer✔1.
Predisposition towards learning
2. Ways in which a body of knowledge can be structured so that it can be most readily grasped
by the learner
3. The most effective sequences to present material
4. The nature and pacing of rewards and punishments
According to Bruner, what is a Spiral Curriculum? - answer✔1. Revisit topics at regular intervals
2. Complexity increases with each visit
3. Learning has a relationship with previous topics covered
Dewey - answer✔PROGRESSIVE EDUCATION: education should be experiential and relevant
What is experiential learning according to Dewey? - answer✔children do better by doing
because they are in the present, not in distant future
What are Deweys four principals? - answer✔1. Doing
2. Discussing
3. Interacting
4. Interdisciplinary/ connecting
Piaget - answer✔Established the theories of cognitive development
According to Piaget, what are the theories in education? - answer✔Active exploration
Inquiry learning
Discovery learning
Developmentally appropriate instruction
Maximize curiosity and minimize frustration
Play is valuable way to learn
Social interaction
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