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NUR2063 Pathophysiology Rasmussen Exam 2024/2025 Questions With Completed & Verified Solutions.
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NUR2063 Pathophysiology Rasmussen Exam 2024/2025 Questions With Completed & Verified Solutions.
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NUR2063 Pathophysiology Rasmussen● .Endorphins, enkephalins - ANS -Stress activates the inhibition of pain through release
of endogenous opioids produced in the CNS called ____________ and ____________
● \.Hyponatremia - ANS -"Neuro" ,Seizures, Coma, Cerebral edema (brain swelling),
Tachycardia (>100 bpm), Weak thready pulses, Respiratory arrest
● \.Immunization - ANS -Confer immunity to host by direct exposure to pathogen without
causing disease.
● Decrease number of susceptible hosts in the population (herd immunity).
● CDC provides updates and recommendations.
● \.Immunosuppression - ANS -Increases risk of severe, rapidly progressing infections
May be unresponsive to usual treatments
● Causes: Genetic disorders
● Antirejection medications
● Exogenous steroids
● Immunosuppressive therapies
● Autoimmune disease HIV
● \.Innate Immune Response - ANS -Occurs on initial exposure to antigen
● Most efficient against bacterial and parasitic infections, but not viral antigens
● Require no previous exposure to antigen
● NK cells
● \.Leukemia - ANS -Abnormal white blood cells that take over bone marrow.
● \.Lipid Soluble Hormones - ANS -Pass through cell membranes to initiate changes in
cellular activities.
● \.Lymph Nodes - ANS -Found primarily in neck, groin, axillae, thorax, abdomen Contain
large numbers of B cells, T cells, and macrophages
● Have lymph fluid for immune cells to filter, detect, and react to foreign material
● \.Magnesium - ANS -1.5-2.5 mEq/l; Basic Function: Muscle Relaxation *Memorization
Trick: (This term) = "Magazine"
● \.Multistep Nature of Carcinogenesis - ANS -Initiation
● Promotion
● Progression
● \.Potassium - ANS -3.5-5 mEq/L; Basic Function: Intracellular Excitation
● \Active Immunity - ANS -Immunity produced by exposure to an antigen, as a result of the
immune response. Ex. Immunizations
● \Aldosterone - ANS -Steroid (glucocorticoid) secreted by adrenal cortex. Promotes
reabsorption of sodium & excretion of potassium.
● "Water follows salt" - increased extracellular volume & increased blood pressure.
● \Allostasis - ANS -Ability to successfully adapt to challenges. Dynamic processes that
helps the body achieve a steady state.
, ● \Allostatic Load - ANS -Accumulation of various mediators produced by systems is
damaging to tissues over time causing wear and tear of the body and brain. Can lead to
death.
● \Anaplasia - ANS -Malignant tumors have a greater degree of ___________ (lack of
differentiation).
● \Angiogenesis - ANS -Process by which tumor forms new blood vessels.
● \Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) - ANS -"Tap water" - causes kidneys to reabsorb plain
water and dilutes blood and other body fluids. Released from pituitary gland.
● \Antimicrobial Resistance - ANS -Susceptible strains die, resistant strains emerge
following exposure to antibiotics, creating a drug-resistant infection.
● \Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema) - ANS -Allergic skin response. Most common in children;
usually improves with age Lesions pruritic (itching), oozing, crusting, coalescent papule;
thickening of the skin or lichenification occurs. Atopy: "genetic component".
● \Basophils - ANS -Contain histamines, mediate type 1 allergic reactions, initiate
inflammation.
● \Bone Marrow - ANS -Primary functions: Hematopoiesis (formation of blood cells)
Produce erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells) and platelets
● \Cachexia - ANS -Refers to an overall weight loss and generalized weakness. Loss of
appetite. Increased metabolic rate. Nausea/vomiting.
● \Calcium - ANS -9-11mg/dL; Basic Function: Bones/Muscle Excitation
● \Cancer Risk Factors - ANS -Tobacco use Nutrition Obesity Sun exposure (skin cancer)
Sexual exposure to HPV (cervical cancer)
● \Cervical Cancer - ANS -Caused by HPV. Pap-smear screening starts at 21 years old.
● \Compartment Syndrome - ANS -Dangerous complication of soft-tissue injury. Swelling
in a confined space that produces dangerous pressure. May cut off blood flow or
damage sensitive tissue.
● \Complications of Fractures - ANS -Delayed union: •Anywhere from 3 to 6 months after
the fracture, bone pain and tenderness are continuously increasing beyond the expected
healing period. Malunion: •Improper alignment of fracture fragments Nonunion: •Not
healed by >6 months after a fracture Osteonecrosis (avascular necrosis), osteomyelitis,
and neurovascular injury may also occur. Compartment Syndrome Fat Emboli Syndrome
Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism
● \Cortisol - ANS -Steroid (glucocorticoid) that is used for production of glucose for energy.
Can cause immunosuppression.
● \Dendritic Cells - ANS -Capture and present antigens.
● \Edema - ANS -Excess fluid in the interstitial compartment. May arise from increased
capillary hydrostatic pressure, increased interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure,
blockage of lymphatic drainage, or decreased capillary colloid osmotic pressure.
● \Endorphins - ANS -Raise the pain threshold (reduce pain) and produce sedation and
euphoria.
● \Eosinophils - ANS -Respond to allergic reactions, intestinal parasite infections
(helminths).
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