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NSG 533 - Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 1 - Module 1 2024/2025 verified Solution
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NSG 533 - Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 1 - Module 1 2024/2025 verified Solution
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Passed!!2024/2025
NSG 533 - Advanced
Pathophysiology Exam 1 - Module
1
Pathophysiology Answer: the study of human physiologic dysfunction in
disease
etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and outcomes
Answer: What are the five components of disease?
epidemiology Answer: risk factors and distribution in populations
etiology Answer: causative mechanisms
pathogenesis Answer: disease mechanisms
clinical manifestations Answer: signs, symptoms and diagnostic criteria
outcomes Answer: cure, remission, chronicity, or death
etiology Answer: The "why" of the disease, what is the reason for it. May be
complex or straight forward
idiopathic Answer: also called cryptogenic, known in cause or origin
, Passed!!
2024/2025
iatrogenic Answer: occurs as a results of a medical or surgical intervention
(e.g. yeast infection after getting antibiotics)
epidemiology Answer: this looks at the patterns of disease among groups or
populations. this complement represents the relationship between numerous
population characteristics and looks at the incidence or prevalence of diease
incidence Answer: the number of new cases occurring in a given population
with a given time period - usually a year. can be expressed as a percentage
prevalence Answer: involves the number of cases existing (both old and new)
at a given time period. Can be expressed as a percentage
pathogenesis Answer: involves the sequence of events that occurs between
the stimulus events and the manifestations of the disease.
clinical manifestations Answer: it is what tells an individual and their HCP that
something is wrong. Also called "signs and symptoms'
primary prevention Answer: directed towards preventing the initial
occurrence of a disorder
Secondary and tertiary prevention Answer: (2 terms) these seek to arrest or
retard existing disease and its effect through early detection and appropriate
treatment - or to reduce the occurrence of relapses and the establishment of
chronic conditions
at the cellular or sub-cellular level Answer: Where does all disease begin?
, Passed!!
2024/2025
lethal (irreversible) and non-lethal (reversible) Answer: What are the two
types of cell injury?
ATP depletion, oxygen and oxygen-derived free radicals, intercellular calcium and
loss of calcium steady state, and defects in membrane permeability Answer:
What are the four categories of stressors that cause disease?
by their mechanisms of action Answer: How are the four categories of
stressors that cause disease differentiated?
ATP depletion Answer: Which of the stressors causes the most disease?
impaired energy function involving hypoxia Answer: What do most of the ATP
depletion cases involve?
the inability of the cell to produce adequate energy (ATP), to fuel the normal
activities of that particular cell type (e.g. cell membrane pumps and protein
synthesis) and function. Answer: What is ATP depletion?
Lack of oxygen is key in progression of cell injury in ischemia (reduced blood
supply);
activated oxygen species (free radicals, H O , , NO) cause destruction of cell 22
membranes and cell structure Answer: What is oxygen and oxygen-derived
free radicals?
Normally intracellular cytosolic calcium concentrations are very low; ischemia and
certain chemicals cause an increase in cytosolic Ca++ concentrations; sustained
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