BIO 311C QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS A+ GRADED
Biological hierarchy of organization
atoms-amino acids- proteins- cells- muscle- trunk- elephant
cell- nuclear membrane- DNA- phosphate and oxygen
When water molecules evaporate to cool your body, which of the following bond/ interaction is broken...
cell- nuclear membrane- DNA- phosphate and oxygen
When water molecules evaporate to cool your body, which of the following bond/
interaction is broken
h- bond
Bond strength from highest to lowest
disulfide bond between two cystitis ( covalent), ionic bonding between positive and
negatively charged amino acids, hydrophobic interactions between leucines
Nitrogen and oxygen are much more electronegative than hydrogen, which of the
following statements is correct about the interaction between ammonia and water
from hydrogen bonds
When the amino acid glycine with H in its side chain is placed in water it
would function as both an acid and a base
You are trying to label to only proteins and not other molecules such as DNA,
RNA, or carbohydrates,which would add to only proteins
a radioactive sulfer
not: nitrogen, uracil, hydrocarbon, or hydrogen
Ester bond
alcohol and acid( carboxyl)
Triglycerides are made of glycerol and fatty acid by the formation of an ester bond
( alcohol + acid)
Buffer
acid + base
carboxyl and amine
Condensation reaction and hydrolysis
condensation reaction assembles polymers ( uses water) and hydrolysis breaks down
polymers
If the molecule is used to make a polymer and stored in your liver
glycogen,
when you are scrambling an egg for breakfast, in which you will be breaking the
bonds in the protein and lipid molecules in the egg
Van der waals forces and then ionic bonds followed by peptide/ ester bonds
Monomers to make RNA and DNA
a nitrogenous base, phosphate group, and a pentose sugar
Peptide bond
in proteins two amino acids during photosynthesis by ribosomes condensation synthesis
the side chain of leucine mainly contains - CH3 groups. In a folded protein, where
would you expect to find leucine
methyl- nonpolar- hydrocarbon
in the interior of a cytoplasmic enzyme and on the interior of a membrane protein near
fatty acid side chains
,which bond connect the nucleotides in a single strand of RNA
phosphodiester, bonds that connect nucleotide in RNA/ DNA through condensation
reaction b/w phosphate and sugar
Polar covalent bonds
CO2, CH3OH ( phosphate most polar functional group)
when water freezes to form ice, the __ connect the water molecules
H bonds
In a biological molecule such as a protein, when dissolved in water
ionic bonds are stronger than H bonds which are stronger than hydrophobic interactions
Alcohol
hydroxyl (hydrophillic)
not: negatively charged, properties of acid/ base
Base
amino
Can increase the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
carboxyl
which of these molecules can form H- bonding with a water molecule and be the
most soluble three
-OH, -NH2, - COOH
Buffers
minimize ph change
Consider a starch consisting of 25 glucose molecules . The complete hydrolysis
of this hydrolysis would result in the production of
25 glucose molecules, ( water used not formed)
If 128 molecules of glucose were covalently joined together, what would be the
resulting molecule
a polysaccharide and 127 water molecules ( n-1)
condensation synthesis
What is the most common functional group present in all monosaccharides that
make simple sugars polar and easily soluble in water
hydroxyl
Humans are unable to digest cellulose fibers but can digest starch because
humans have enzymes that can digest only
alpha 1-4, glycosidic linkage but not beta 1-4
Unsaturated fatty acid
has double bonds
Carotenoid
isopreme unit- ring structure ( cholesterol)
Which of the following can form an ester linkage through condensation synthesis
glycerol and unsaturated fatty acid ( b/w alcohol and acid)
As the temperature increases, the unsaturated fatty acid side chains in the
membrane lipids will relatively become ____ than saturated fatty acid side chains
more fluid
as temp increases, the fluidity increases
As the unsaturation of fatty acid increases due to fatty acid desaturase activity,
the melting temperature of such modified fatty acid ____
, decreases
unsaturation increases, M.P decreases
If mutation in the DNA resulted in changing a critical amino acid from leucine to
isoleucine, it will make the new amino acid to be on the _____ part of the protein
interior
hydrocarbon- nonpolar- inside
which of the following amino acids has the best chance of being on the inside or
outside the protein that is soluble in an aqueous solution. least non polar amino
acid
Glycine ( H alone doesn't have much dispersion or hydrophobic as methyl or long
hydrocarbon)
what will the interaction between the side chains of leucine and isoleucine with a
protein
Van der waals
other choices are not correct because two side chains are non polar and the only choice
would be hydrophobic which is not an option
Which of the following is stabilized by H bonds
complementary base pairing of RNA strand
phosphodiester/glycosidic/peptide = covalent
Nucleosides
a nitrogenous base and a pentose sugar
The two strands making up the DNA double helix molecule
are held together by hydrogen bonds
Which of the structures listed below is found in all eukaryotic cells at some stage
but no prokaryotic cels
nucleus
not: ribosome, cytoplasm, cell wall, chloroplast
Synthesizing proteins
ribosomes
Benefit of cell containing structures that are individually enclosed by a membrane
the structure can sustain a unique chemical environment within itself
Doesn't occur in nucleus
synthesize proteins ( cytoplasm, rough ER)
not: store chromosomal DNA, synthesize RNA, process RNA, replicate RNA
Ribosomes are made up of rRNA and ribosomal proteins. Ribosomes have large
and small subunits, where does the assembly of each submit of ribosome occur
in the cell
nucleus
Does not contain functional ribosomes
Peroxisome
not: mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplast, cytoplasm
When the pH was increased from 5 to 7 in an in vitro experiment, these structures
purified from animal cells stopped digesting their contents. what are these
structures
lysosomes
Mismatched pair
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