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EDUC 606 Final - Woolfolk with complete verified solutions
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EDUC 606 Final - Woolfolk with complete verified solutions
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EDUC 606 Final - Woolfolk withcomplete verified solutions
Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) - answer Learning by observing the
actions of others
- Two key elements: observational learning and self-efficacy
-People learn by observing others (social part of SCT)
- Includes learning from reinforcements/punishments of own and
others' behaviors
- Extends to include thinking, expecting, self-regulating, comparing,
and judging (cognitive part of SCT)
Bandura - answer 1950s --> Social Cognitive Theory (SCT)
Recognized need to understand people's behavior in social context
Triarchic Reciprocal Causality - answer System at work in social
cognitive theory (SCT)
- An explanation of behavior emphasizing effects of individual and
environment on each other
- Dynamic and constant interplay of 3 kinds of influences...
Personal
Social/environmental
Behavioral
,Personal - answer Triarchic Reciprocal Causality
beliefs, cognitive abilities, motivation, knowledge
ex. that you can do it, believing that you can get a raise
Social/environmental - answer Triarchic Reciprocal Causality
resources, consequences of actions, models, physical setting
ex. actually asking for the raise
Behavioral - answer Triarchic Reciprocal Causality
individual actions, choices, verbal statements
ex. how you feel about the answer
Power of Reciprocal Causality - answer 1. Teachers communicate
expectations to students
2. Expectations affect students' confidence
3. Expectations and confidence affect students' achievement
Study: Evidence that math confidence and math achievement
reciprocally influence each other
,Modeling - answer Learning by Observing Others
- students need capable models
Factors that affect observational learning - answer - Status and
competence of model
- Consequences of model's actions that observer values
- Actions that are appropriate, attainable, rewarding to observer
- Actions that help observer attain goals
- Actions observer feels capable of learning/performing
**Learner has to want to do the action, be capable of doing it and
then believe they can do it
Elements of Observational Learning - answer 1. Attention to
important points, maintaining focus
2. Retention of steps/procedures by mental rehearsal
3. Production, imitation of observed behavior; practice
4. Motivation to perform modeled behavior
5. Reinforcement to persist in the behavior
Direct reinforcement - answer compliment, reward
Self-reinforcement - answer controlling your own reinforcers
, Intrinsic: Feeling good about your achievement
Extrinsic: Rewarding yourself for meeting a goal
Vicarious reinforcement - answer seeing others reinforced for the
term-38behavior
5 possible outcomes of observational learning - answer 1. Directing
attention to objects involved in modeled behavior
2. Fine-tuning already learned behaviors
3. Strengthening or weakening inhibitions (Ripple effect)
4. Teaching new behaviors, including cognitive skills
5. Arousing emotion (Reaction to events observed, read about)
Ripple effect - answer spreading of behaviors/attitudes through
imitation
Observational Learning in the Classroom - answer 1. Model
behaviors/attitudes
(Show enthusiasm for the subject, demonstrate mental and physical
tasks, problem solving, persistence, effort)
2. Use peers, especially class leaders, as models
(Group students who do well with struggling students, ask students
to demonstrate appropriate behaviors)
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