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NURS 220 Patho I Final Exam Practice Questions and Answers 100% Pass *Intro to Patho* What is pathophysiology? - ANSWER-study of abnormalities in physiologic functioning of living beings & the physiologic responses of an organism to disruptions in it's internal & external environ How is patho...

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NURS 220 Patho I Final Exam Practice
Questions and Answers 100% Pass



*Intro to Patho*


What is pathophysiology? - ANSWER✔✔-study of abnormalities in physiologic

functioning of living beings & the physiologic responses of an organism to disruptions

in it's internal & external environ


How is pathophysiology different from pathology & physiology? - ANSWER✔✔--

pathology = study of causes/effects of diseases


- physiology = study of normal functions of living organisms & their parts


What are the 4 components of pathophysiology? - ANSWER✔✔-1. Etiology


2. Pathogenesis


3. Clinical Manifestations


4. Treatment


1. Etiology - ANSWER✔✔-study of causes/reasons for phenomenon, disease, & injury


*often difficult to pinpoint bc of role of genetics & environ
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,What is meant by idiopathic? Ex? - ANSWER✔✔-= disease/condition is of unknown

cause


> ex: chronic fatigue


What is meant by iatrogenic? Ex? - ANSWER✔✔-= disease/condition caused by

unwanted or unintended medical intervention > ex: hair loss caused by chemo therapy


What is meant by risk factor? - ANSWER✔✔-= factor that when present incr the risk for

disease


2. Pathogenesis - ANSWER✔✔-= development of disease from initial stimulus to

expression of manifestations of the disease > ex: direct effects of initiating event,

physiological responses, & compensatory mechanisms


3. Clinical manifestations


Signs, Symptoms, & Syndromes? - ANSWER✔✔-= signs & symptoms (S/Sx)


- S = objective, observable manifestations of the disease


- Symptoms = subjective feelings of abnormality


- Syndrome = disorder that the etiology of S/Sx has not been determined for yet


What are the specific stages of clinical manifestations? - ANSWER✔✔-> latent period =

from exposure to injurious agent to 1st appearance of S/Sx (aka incubation period for

infectious disease)


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,> prodromal period (prodrome) = appearance of S/Sx & onset of disease


> manifest illness (acute phase) = disease at full intensity w most severe S/Sx


- silent period(s) = when S/Sx ease/disappear before returning


- subclinical stage = when pt functions normally even though disease processes are

established


> convalescence = recovery after disease, injury, or operation


Define sequela & complication - ANSWER✔✔-- sequela = pathological chronic

condition resulting from the disease


- complication = new/separate acute process caused by a change produced by the

original problem


Define exacerbation & remission - ANSWER✔✔-- exacerbations = incr severity of S/Sx


- remissions = decr severity of S/Sx


*diseases often undergo alternating exacerbations & remissions


*cured = 5+ years of remission


What are the 2 clinical courses of conditions/diseases? - ANSWER✔✔-1. acute

condition = severe manifestations but short course (hr/days/wks)


2. chronic condition = develop either w a prolonged acute phase or gradually without

an acute phase (months-years)

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, Ex: Explain the pathophysiology of type I diabetes mellitus (4 components) -

ANSWER✔✔-1. Etiology > autoimmune destruction of pancreatic B cells


2. Pathogenesis > insulin deficiency > disturbed metabolism of carbs, proteins, & fats


3. Clinical Manifestations > polyuria, dehydration, macro/micro vascular lesions


4. Treatment > maintaining normal blood sugar levels


Ex: What are some possible treatments for diabetes? - ANSWER✔✔-regular blood sugar

level monitoring, insulin therapy, diet & lifestyle changes (exercise)


How do we determine health & disease? - ANSWER✔✔-we use diagnostic testing &

statistical normality to identify normal & abnormal variation


What do we use to compare health & disease? - ANSWER✔✔-= normal

distribution/the "bell curve" (using a large sample of a pop. to give a good estimate of

the "normal" values in that pop.)


- normal range = mean +/- 2 standard deviations > ex: 5% of the normal pop. may fall

outside the normal range w/out demonstrating disease


*change in invid's factor is more important than the actual value of the factor (pts

evaluated 2-3x to establish baseline)


How do we determine if a specific condition is present? - ANSWER✔✔-1. clinical

examination = to develop probabilities (possible explanations)



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