HNF 150 EXAM 2
Structure of protein ✔️✔️composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen and arranged as
strands of amino acids
Here is another set of questions and answers for HNF 150:
What is the role of bile in digestion?
Bile, produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, helps emulsify fats, making them easier for
enzymes to break down in the small intestine. ✔️✔️
How does the body use carbohydrates for energy?
Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, which is then used by cells for energy or stored as
glycogen in the liver and muscles for later use. ✔️✔️
Why are antioxidants important in the diet?
Antioxidants protect the body from oxidative stress caused by free radicals, reducing the risk of chronic
diseases like cancer and heart disease. ✔️✔️
What is the role of the pancreas in digestion?
The pancreas produces digestive enzymes and bicarbonate, which neutralizes stomach acid, helping to
break down food in the small intestine. ✔️✔️
How do unsaturated fats benefit health?
Unsaturated fats, found in foods like olive oil and avocados, help lower bad cholesterol levels, reduce
inflammation, and support heart health. ✔️✔️
What are the potential consequences of vitamin D deficiency?
Vitamin D deficiency can lead to weakened bones, increased risk of fractures, and contribute to
conditions like osteoporosis and rickets. ✔️✔️
,How does protein support the body’s immune system?
Proteins are essential for the production of antibodies and immune cells, helping to protect the body
from infections and diseases. ✔️✔️
What are the effects of dehydration on physical performance?
Dehydration impairs endurance, strength, and coordination, leading to fatigue, muscle cramps, and
reduced overall performance. ✔️✔️
Why is fiber important for heart health?
Fiber helps lower cholesterol levels, reduce blood pressure, and prevent obesity, all of which contribute
to better cardiovascular health. ✔️✔️
What is the significance of consuming a variety of vegetables?
A variety of vegetables provides a range of nutrients, including vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants,
which support overall health and reduce the risk of chronic diseases. ✔️✔️
How does the body store excess carbohydrates?
Excess carbohydrates are converted into glycogen and stored in the liver and muscles for future energy
use. If storage capacity is exceeded, they are stored as fat. ✔️✔️
What is the function of the small intestine in digestion?
The small intestine is where most nutrient absorption occurs, as enzymes break down food, allowing
nutrients to be absorbed into the bloodstream. ✔️✔️
Why is it important to consume omega-3 fatty acids?
Omega-3 fatty acids support brain health, reduce inflammation, and lower the risk of heart disease and
stroke. ✔️✔️
How does a high-protein diet affect kidney function?
, Excessive protein intake can strain the kidneys by increasing the workload of filtering waste products
from protein metabolism. ✔️✔️
What is the function of the large intestine in digestion?
The large intestine absorbs water and electrolytes from undigested food, forming stool, and plays a role
in gut health and immune function. ✔️✔️
How do food labels help consumers make informed dietary choices?
Food labels provide information about calories, nutrients, and ingredients, helping consumers make
healthier food choices and manage dietary needs. ✔️✔️
What are the benefits of eating whole grains over refined grains?
Whole grains retain their bran and germ, providing more fiber, vitamins, and minerals, which promote
better digestive and heart health compared to refined grains. ✔️✔️
What is the role of cholesterol in the body?
Cholesterol is used to build cell membranes, produce hormones, and aid in the production of vitamin D
and bile acids. ✔️✔️
Why is iron crucial for women’s health?
Iron is essential for the production of hemoglobin, which carries oxygen in the blood, and women are at
greater risk of deficiency due to menstruation. ✔️✔️
What is the significance of consuming probiotics for gut health?
Probiotics promote the growth of beneficial gut bacteria, improving digestion, enhancing the immune
system, and supporting a healthy microbiome. ✔️✔️
How does vitamin B12 support energy metabolism?
Vitamin B12 helps in the production of red blood cells and is essential for converting food into energy,
supporting overall metabolism. ✔️✔️
