Nursing 220 Exam #1 Study Guide
Solutions Updated 2024
water – ANSWER✔✔--amount affected by age, sex, and body fat
-function: medium for metabolic reactions within cells, transport for nutrients, waste
products, and other substances, lubricant, insulator and shock absorber, means of
regulating and maintaining body temperature
-60% of an average adult's weight
-70-80% of infant's body weight
-men have a higher percentage because they have more muscle, women have a lower
muscle mass and greater percentage of fat tissue(fat cells contain no water)
intracellular fluid (IFC) - ANSWER✔✔--vital to normal cell function
-two thirds of total body fluid in adults
-inside cells
-2/3 of total body fluid in adults
-medium for metabolic processes to take place
-contains oxygen, electrolytes, and glucose
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,extracellular fluid (FCF) - ANSWER✔✔--one third of total body fluid
-transport system for nutrients and cell waste
-main compartments-intravascular=20% (plasma), interstitial=75% (fluid surrounding
the cells), transcellular=<5% - pericardial, pleural, synovial, biliary, pancreatic,
intraocular, cerebrospinal
-comprised of intravascular fluid (plasma, IVC)-within vascular system, interstitial fluid
(ISF)-surrounds the cell, transcellular fluid- eg. synovial, cerebrospinal, biliary, pleural,
-pericadial, peritoneal
fluid spacing - ANSWER✔✔-often occurs with clients-severe liver disease, alcoholism,
malabsorption, immobility, burns, cancer
- s/s-shift out of IVS-kidney get less blood-compensate by decreasing urine output,
increase heart rate, BP,
fist spacing - ANSWER✔✔-used to describe normal distribution of fluid in ECF and ICF
second spacing - ANSWER✔✔-refers to abnormal accumulation of interstitial fluid
(edema)
third spacing - ANSWER✔✔-occurs when fluid accumulates in a portion of the body
from which it is not easily exchanged with the rest of the ECF, it is trapped and
essentially unavailable for functional use
-fluid in abdominal cavity with peritonitis, edema associated with burns
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, composition of body fluid - ANSWER✔✔-oxygen, dissolved nutrients, products of
metabolism, ions (electrolytes)
electrolytes-cations - ANSWER✔✔-sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, hydrogen
electrolytes-anions - ANSWER✔✔-chloride, bicarbonate (HCO3), phosphate (PO4)
solutes - ANSWER✔✔-substances dissolved in a liquid
ex. oxygen, CO2, glucose, urea, amino acids, proteins
solvents - ANSWER✔✔-components of a solution that can dissolve a solute
ex. water
crystalloids - ANSWER✔✔-salts that dissolve readily
colloids - ANSWER✔✔-substances that do not readily dissolve
ex. large protein molecules
osmosis - ANSWER✔✔-water moves toward the higher concentration to equalize the
concentration
osmolality (tonicity) - ANSWER✔✔-concentration of solutes in body fluids
osmotic pressure - ANSWER✔✔-power of a solution to draw water across a semi-
permeable membrane to equalize concentration of solutions
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