Medical Microbiology: Virology BMI3705- *Q&A* (100% Correct) 2025/2026 |VERIFIED|
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BMI3705
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BMI3705
Medical Microbiology: Virology BMI3705-
*Q&A* (100% Correct) 2025/2026
|VERIFIED|
Explain the difference between a virus's genome being single-stranded and double-stranded.
Single-stranded genomes can be RNA or DNA and typically replicate faster, while double-stranded
genomes often prov...
Medical Microbiology: Virology BMI3705-
*Q&A* (100% Correct) 2025/2026
|VERIFIED|
Explain the difference between a virus's genome being single-stranded and double-stranded.
Single-stranded genomes can be RNA or DNA and typically replicate faster, while double-stranded
genomes often provide more stability and fidelity in replication.
What role does the viral matrix protein play in virus assembly?
The viral matrix protein links the envelope to the nucleocapsid, playing a critical role in the
assembly and budding process of enveloped viruses.
How do prions differ from conventional viruses in terms of replication?
Prions replicate by inducing misfolding of normal host proteins, unlike viruses that use host
cellular machinery to replicate their nucleic acid and produce new virions.
Explain the mechanism of action of oseltamivir (Tamiflu) in treating influenza.
Oseltamivir inhibits the neuraminidase enzyme, preventing the release of new viral particles from
infected host cells, thereby reducing viral spread.
Describe how a virus can be classified based on its replication strategy.
Viruses can be classified by their genome type (DNA or RNA) and whether their RNA is positive-
sense, negative-sense, or double-stranded, which determines how they replicate within host cells.
What is the function of viral capsid proteins?
Capsid proteins protect the viral genome from degradation and help the virus attach to and enter
host cells through receptor recognition.
How do enveloped viruses acquire their lipid bilayer?
1
, Enveloped viruses acquire their lipid bilayer during the budding process from the host cell
membrane, which also incorporates viral glycoproteins necessary for entry into new cells.
What is the difference between a latent and a persistent viral infection?
A latent infection is characterized by a dormant viral genome in host cells with intermittent
reactivation, while persistent infections involve continuous viral replication over a long period.
Explain how viruses can evade the host immune system through antigenic variation.
Viruses undergo antigenic variation by altering surface proteins, avoiding immune detection and
allowing continued infection of the host.
Describe the process of viral assembly in a host cell.
Viral assembly occurs when viral proteins and genomic material are synthesized by the host cell,
and then assembled into complete virions that are transported to the cell surface for release.
What is the significance of viral polymerase in RNA viruses?
Viral polymerases are responsible for replicating the RNA genome, enabling the synthesis of
mRNA for protein production and new genomes for progeny virions.
How do non-enveloped viruses differ from enveloped viruses in terms of stability?
Non-enveloped viruses are more resistant to environmental conditions like heat and detergents,
whereas enveloped viruses are more susceptible to these factors due to their lipid membrane.
What are the mechanisms through which viruses can cause cancer?
Viruses can cause cancer by integrating their genome into host DNA or producing proteins that
interfere with tumor suppressor genes, leading to uncontrolled cell growth.
Explain how viruses like HIV exploit the host's immune system.
HIV targets CD4+ T cells and uses them for replication, eventually depleting the immune system
and leading to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
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